GI and Nutrition Flashcards
what is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction
post op adhesions
hernias
cancer
IBD
volvulus
itussusception (MCC in kids)
what is the tx of SBO`
decompression with NGT
surgery if a mechanical obstuction
what are the most common causes of LBO
cancer
strictures
hernias
volvulus
fecal impaction
what is sseen on KUB with LBO
dilated colon
air fluid levels in the colon
haustra that do not transverse bowel
what is the treatment of LBO
bowel rest
NG tube placement
surgery as directed by underlying cause
what is cholelithiasis
stones within the GB causing pain secndary to contraction of gall against obstructed cystic duct
what is Boas sign
referred right subscapular pain
what is the tx of cholelithasis
asymptomatic - none
elective cholecystectomy if recurrent bouts
what is cholecystitis
inflammation of GB caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct
what is the typical presentation of cholecystitis
5Fs: female, fat, forty, fertile and fair
what is a positive murphys sign and what is it indicative of
RUQ pain with GB palpation on inspiration
- cholecystitis
what is the gold standard test for cholecystitis
HIDA
what is cholecdocholithiasis
stones in common bile duct
how is choledocholithiasis diagnosed
ERCP
what is the most common cause of cirrhosis
alcoholic liver disease
what is Budd Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis)
triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly
what presents with an accumulations of ammonia that reaches the brain causing a decrease in mental function, confusion and poor concentrations
hepatic encephalopathy
what is asterixis
flapping tremor
associated with hepatic encephalopathy
what tumor marker is used fro colorectal cancer
CEA
what is the treatment of ecoli diarrea
ciprofloxacin 500mg BID x 1-3 days and Loperamide
what are the two common acute viral gastroenterities
diarrhea in daycare setting - rotavirus
diarrhea on cruise ship - norovirus
what are the common etiologiest of salmonella
poulty, pork or raw eggs
what is the treatment for salmonella
fluoroquinolones or azithro in immunocompromized or enteric fever
whos is commonly affected by shigella
children - especially daycare settings
what is the presentation of shigella
abdominal pian, inflammatory diarrhea, frequent mucous and bloody stool
what is tenesmus
feeling of constatnly needing to pass stools
what is the treament of choice for shigella
TMP-SMX
can use cipro or fluoroquinolone
what causes life-threatening rice water diarrhea
cholera
what is the treatment of cholera
glucose and Na rich electolyte fluids
doxycycline, azithro, TMP
/SMX or cipro
what are three causes of gastritis
infection - h. pylori
inflammation - NSAIDs and alcohol
autoimmune/hypersensitivity rxn
what is the presentation of pin worm
perianal pruritis that is worse at night
what is the treatment of pinworm
mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
what is the presentation of tapeworm
GI symptoms and weight loss
- also associted wtih B12 deficiency
what is the presentation of hookworm
cough, weight loss, anemia with reent travel
what is the presentation of roundworm
pancreatic duct, common bile duct and bowel obstruction
what is the treatment of UC
colectomy = curative
meds: prednisone an dmesalamine
what is the treatment for crohns
flares: prednisone +/- mesalamine +/- metronidazole or cipro
Maintenance: mesalamine
what is the presentation of acute pancreatitis
epigastric pain radiating to the back with nausea and vomiting and elevated lipase levels
what is grey turners sign and what is it associated wtih
flank bruising - pancreatitis
what is cullens sign
brusing near umbilicus associated with pancreatitis
