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Clinical: Family Medicine > GI and Nutrition > Flashcards

GI and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction

A

post op adhesions
hernias
cancer
IBD
volvulus
itussusception (MCC in kids)

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2
Q

what is the tx of SBO`

A

decompression with NGT
surgery if a mechanical obstuction

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3
Q

what are the most common causes of LBO

A

cancer
strictures
hernias
volvulus
fecal impaction

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4
Q

what is sseen on KUB with LBO

A

dilated colon
air fluid levels in the colon
haustra that do not transverse bowel

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5
Q

what is the treatment of LBO

A

bowel rest
NG tube placement
surgery as directed by underlying cause

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6
Q

what is cholelithiasis

A

stones within the GB causing pain secndary to contraction of gall against obstructed cystic duct

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7
Q

what is Boas sign

A

referred right subscapular pain

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8
Q

what is the tx of cholelithasis

A

asymptomatic - none
elective cholecystectomy if recurrent bouts

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9
Q

what is cholecystitis

A

inflammation of GB caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct

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10
Q

what is the typical presentation of cholecystitis

A

5Fs: female, fat, forty, fertile and fair

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11
Q

what is a positive murphys sign and what is it indicative of

A

RUQ pain with GB palpation on inspiration
- cholecystitis

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12
Q

what is the gold standard test for cholecystitis

A

HIDA

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13
Q

what is cholecdocholithiasis

A

stones in common bile duct

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14
Q

how is choledocholithiasis diagnosed

A

ERCP

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of cirrhosis

A

alcoholic liver disease

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16
Q

what is Budd Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis)

A

triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly

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17
Q

what presents with an accumulations of ammonia that reaches the brain causing a decrease in mental function, confusion and poor concentrations

A

hepatic encephalopathy

18
Q

what is asterixis

A

flapping tremor
associated with hepatic encephalopathy

19
Q

what tumor marker is used fro colorectal cancer

A

CEA

20
Q

what is the treatment of ecoli diarrea

A

ciprofloxacin 500mg BID x 1-3 days and Loperamide

21
Q

what are the two common acute viral gastroenterities

A

diarrhea in daycare setting - rotavirus
diarrhea on cruise ship - norovirus

22
Q

what are the common etiologiest of salmonella

A

poulty, pork or raw eggs

23
Q

what is the treatment for salmonella

A

fluoroquinolones or azithro in immunocompromized or enteric fever

24
Q

whos is commonly affected by shigella

A

children - especially daycare settings

25
Q

what is the presentation of shigella

A

abdominal pian, inflammatory diarrhea, frequent mucous and bloody stool

26
Q

what is tenesmus

A

feeling of constatnly needing to pass stools

27
Q

what is the treament of choice for shigella

A

TMP-SMX
can use cipro or fluoroquinolone

28
Q

what causes life-threatening rice water diarrhea

A

cholera

29
Q

what is the treatment of cholera

A

glucose and Na rich electolyte fluids
doxycycline, azithro, TMP
/SMX or cipro

30
Q

what are three causes of gastritis

A

infection - h. pylori
inflammation - NSAIDs and alcohol
autoimmune/hypersensitivity rxn

31
Q

what is the presentation of pin worm

A

perianal pruritis that is worse at night

32
Q

what is the treatment of pinworm

A

mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate

33
Q

what is the presentation of tapeworm

A

GI symptoms and weight loss
- also associted wtih B12 deficiency

34
Q

what is the presentation of hookworm

A

cough, weight loss, anemia with reent travel

35
Q

what is the presentation of roundworm

A

pancreatic duct, common bile duct and bowel obstruction

36
Q

what is the treatment of UC

A

colectomy = curative
meds: prednisone an dmesalamine

37
Q

what is the treatment for crohns

A

flares: prednisone +/- mesalamine +/- metronidazole or cipro
Maintenance: mesalamine

38
Q

what is the presentation of acute pancreatitis

A

epigastric pain radiating to the back with nausea and vomiting and elevated lipase levels

39
Q

what is grey turners sign and what is it associated wtih

A

flank bruising - pancreatitis

40
Q

what is cullens sign

A

brusing near umbilicus associated with pancreatitis

Clinical: Family Medicine (10 decks)

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