Cardiac Flashcards
Cyanotic heart defects
Account for ~25% of all congenital heart defects (CHDs)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Total anomalous pulm venous connection Hypoplastic L heart syndrome Transposition of great arteries Truncus arteriosus (persistent) Tricuspid atresia Interrupted aortic arch Pulmonary atresia Pulmonary stenosis Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt 2/2 Pulm HTN) Patent ductus arterioles
Non-cyanotic heart defects
MC CHDs b/c higher survival rate
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of aorta
Double outlet L/R ventricle
Atrial septal defects
Incomplete closure of atrial system 10-15% CHDs Cause L to R shunt -> CHF Signs/sxs: SOB, sys heart murmur (fixed split S2) Dx: echo Tx: surgery (sxs, before school age)
Trauma to major coronary arteries
MC injured vessel - LAD (d/t anterior location)
RCA & Circumflex vessels - rarely injured
Tx: Definitive repair primarily or with coronary artery bypass.
Aortic insufficiency
murmur: high-pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur at L sternal border
sxs: angina (L sided CP, worse with sleep 2/2 decreased heart rate and decreased coronary perfusion), exertion dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (2/2 myocardial dysfunction), head pounding (increased pulse pressure)
Indications for transcutaneous pacing
Acute and reversible symptomatic Brady: post cardiac surgery, cardiac trauma, metabolic abnormalities, drug toxicity
ACLS/unstable Brady
After MI: symptomatic sinus Brady, mobitz type 2, third degree AV block, new L or R BBB, overdrive pacing of V-tach
Omega-3 fatty acids
Alpha linolenic acid Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-thrombotic
Vasodilatory
Effects against cardiovascular disease
Omega-6 fatty acids
Linoleic acid
Arachidonic acid
Gamma linoleic
Conjugated linoleic acid
Pro-inflamamtory
Pro-thrombotic
Vasoconstriction
