Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives

Question 1

alcohol+carboxylic acid->

Answer 1

ester+water, reflux, strong acid catalyst eg conc.H2SO4, REVERSIBLE

Question 2

alcohol +acyl chloride ->

Answer 2

ester+HCl, reflux, dry conditions

Question 3

alcohol +acid anhydride->

Answer 3

ester+carboxylic acid, reflux, dry conditions

Question 4

alcohol +acid anhydride->

Answer 4

ester+carboxylic acid, reflux, dry conditions

Question 5

ester+water-> (acidic)

Answer 5

carboxylic acid+alcohol, acid=catalyst

Question 6

ester+water-> (alkaline)

Answer 6

ester +NaOH(aq)-> carboxylate salt + alcohol sapenification

Question 7

carboxylic acid ->acyl chloride

Answer 7

SOCl2 (thionyl chloride), dry conditions, chlorination, carboxylic acid+SOCl2->acyl chloride+SO2+HCl

Question 8

acyl chloride+water->

Answer 8

carboxylic acid +HCl (dense white fumes)

Question 9

acyl chloride+ammonia->

Answer 9

primary amide+HCl (with excess ammonia, HCl forms ammonium salt)

Question 10

acyl chloride +amine->

Answer 10

secondary amide+HCl (with excess amide HCl reacts to form a salt)

Question 11

making acid anhydrides

Answer 11

2×carboxylic acid <> acid anhydrides +H2O