Benzene & Phenol

Question 1

nitration of benzene

Answer 1

c.HNO3, c.H2SO4 (catalyst), reflux, 50°C, electrophile=NO2+(nitronium ion)

Question 2

making nitronium ion

Answer 2

H2SO4+HNO3<>HSO4-+NO2++H2O HSO4-+H+->H2SO4

Question 3

halogenation of benzene

Answer 3

halogen, halogen carrier (AlCl3, FeCl3), reflux, electrophile=X+

Question 4

production of Cl+

Answer 4

Cl2+AlCl3 <>AlCl4-+Cl+ AlCl4-+H+->AlCl3+HCl

Question 5

alkylation of benzene

Answer 5

haloalkane, anhydrous AlCl3, room temp, dry inert solvent, electrophile=carbocation (R+)

Question 6

acylation of benzene

Answer 6

acyl chloride, anhydrous AlCl3, reflux, 50°C, dry inert solvent, electrophile=RC=O+

Question 7

phenol+alkali->

Answer 7

metal phenoxide+water

Question 8

phenol+sodium->

Answer 8

sodium phenoxide+H2

Question 9

phenol+bromine->

Answer 9

2,4,6-tribromophenol+3HBr, electrophilic substitution, RTP

Question 10

nitration of phenol

Answer 10

dilute HNO3, RTP, NO2->2 or 4

Question 11

Electron donating groups

Answer 11

OH, CH3, NH2

Question 12

Electron withdrawing groups

Answer 12

NO2

Question 13

Evidence for benzene structure

Answer 13

All bond the same length (X-ray diffraction)
Doesn’t decoliurise bromine water
Enthalpy of reduction is -208, should be -360 with 3 double bonds

Question 14

Appearance of phenol

Answer 14

Pink, crystalline solid