Carboxylic acids and derivitives Flashcards
what is the suffix for carboxylic acids
-oic acid
can be en or an
what is the carboxylic acid functional group
COOH
describe the solubility of carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids are more soluble in water than their equivilent aldehyde or alcohol because they can form multiple hydrogen bonds with water.
via the H in their OH and from the lone pairs of e⁻ from their =O
state and explain the trend in solubility along the homologuous series
water solubility decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases as hydrocarbons can only form london forces not hydrogen bonds.
What are the reactions of carboxylic acid
- As an H⁺ donor (as an acid)
- to make esters
what is the strength of a carboxylic acid
it is a weak acid
what type of acid reactions do carboxylic acids undergo
- redox reactions with metals
- neutralisation reactions with bases ( alkalis, oxides, carbonates)
what does acid reactions of carboxylic acids produce
carboxylic acids from carboxylate salts which are ionic compounds.
The complex anion is named after the carboxylic acid e.g. methanoic acid forms methanoate salts.
what do redox reactions of carboxylic acids with salts produce
carboxylate salt + hydrogen
what do neutralisation reactions with carboxylic acids and metal oxides produce
carboxylate salt + water
what do neutralisation reactions with carboxylic acids and alkalis produce
carboxylate salt + water
what do neutralisation reactions with carboxylic acids and carbonates produce
carboxylate salt + CO₂ + water
How do carboxylic acids react to form esters
The reaction between carboxylic acid and an alcohol gives an ester. A catalytic amount of H⁺ from a strong acid (e.g. H₂SO₄) is required.
It is an equilibrium reaction so to produce more of the ester the water which is also produced in the reaction should be removed, to push equilibrium to the right.
what is the functional group of esters
COOC
Describe the solubility of esters
Esters contain a permenant dipole between C=O but a limited ability to form hydrogen bonds with water. They are held together by permenant dipole-dipole interactions.
Esters are therefore insoluble in water.