6.1.1 Directing groups

Question 1

what substituents activate the aromatic ring

Answer 1

• -OH
• -NH₂

Question 2

what substituents deactivate the aromatic ring

Answer 2

• -NO₂
• -COOH
• -CHO

Question 3

what does it mean to activate the aromatic ring

Answer 3

it makes it react more readily with electrophiles

Question 4

what does it mean to deactivate the aromatic ring

Answer 4

it makes it react less readily with electrophiles

Question 5

Give examples of electron donating group(s)

Answer 5

• -OH
• -NH₂

Question 6

Give examples of electron withdrawing group(s)

Answer 6

• -NO₂
• -COOH
• -CHO

Question 7

Where do electron donating groups direct new substituents

Answer 7

the 2- and 4- positions

with the 1st substituent taking position 1

The 2- also doubles as the 6- position but the numbering system can go either way around so if both are required one is a 2- and one is a 6-.

Question 8

where do electron withdraw groups direct new substituents

Answer 8

the 3- position

Question 9

describe 2- and 4- directing groups

Answer 9

All 2- and 4- directing groups are activating groups (electron donating groups) with the exception of the halogens

Halogens are 2-, 4- directing but do not activate benzene

Question 10

describe 3- directing groups

Answer 10

All 3- directing groups are deactivating groups

e.g. -COOH, -CHO, -CN, -NO₂