2.1.4 Acids, bases and neutralisation

Question 1

list 4 common acids

and their symbols

Answer 1

• hydrochloric acid = HCl
• sulfuric acid = H2SO4
• Nitric acid = HNO3
• ethanoic acid = CH3COOH

Question 2

List 3 common alkalis

and their symbols

Answer 2

Sodium hydroxide = NaOH
Potassium hydroxide = KOH
Ammonia = NH3

Question 3

Define a strong acid

Answer 3

A strong acid releases all of its available hydrogen atoms as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aqueous solutions

eg. HCl

Question 4

define a weak acid

Answer 4

A weak acid releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into the solution as H+ ions. It partially dissociates in aqueous solutions.

eg. CH3COOH

Most organic acids are weak acids

Question 5

give examples of bases

4

Answer 5

• metal oxides
• metal hydroxides
• metal carbonates
• Ammonia

Question 6

Base and acid =

Answer 6

a base reacts with an acid and forms a salt

Question 7

define alkali

Answer 7

A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution

Question 8

describe neutralisation between an acid and base

Answer 8

In neutralisation of an acid, H+ ions react with a base to form a salt and neutral water. The H+ ions from the acid are then replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base.

Question 9

Acid + alkali ->

Answer 9

Acid + alkali -> salt + water

Question 10

Acid + metal carbonate ->

Answer 10

Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + Carbon dioxide

Question 11

Acid + metal oxide(/ or) hydroxide ->

Answer 11

Acid + metal oxide(/ or) hydroxide -> salt + water