Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

contain a carbonyl and hydroxyl group connected to the same carbon; always terminal groups; polar and hydrogen bond very well resulting in high boiling points; often exist as dimers in solution; acidity is enhanced by resonance between its oxygen atoms and substituents that are electron withdrawing; acidity decreased by substituents that are electron donating

A

carboxylic acids

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2
Q

carboxylic acids that have an α-hydrogen that is highly acidic

A

β-dicarboxylic acids

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3
Q

common reaction carboxylic acids; after opening the carbonyl via nucleophilic attack and forming a tetrahedral intermediate, the carbonyl can reform, thereby kicking off the leaving group; nucleophilic molecule replaces the leaving group of an acyl derivative; reactions are favored by a good leaving group

A

nucleophilic acyl substitution

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4
Q

encompass all molecules with a carboxylic acid-derived carbonyl, including carboxylic acids, amides, esters, and anhydrides

A

acyl derivatives

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5
Q

nucleophilic acyl substitution:

is formed if nucleophile is ammonia or amine

A

amide

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6
Q

nucleophilic acyl substitution:

is formed if nucleophile is an alcohol

A

ester

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7
Q

nucleophilic acyl substitution:

is formed if nucleophile is another carboxylic acid

A

anhydride

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8
Q

nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction:

A
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9
Q

strong reducing agent that can be used to reduce carboxylic acids to a primary alcohol; NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) is not strong enough

A

LiAlH4 (lithium aluminum hydride, LAH)

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10
Q

spontaneous loss of carbon as carbon dioxide when heating by β-dicarboxylic acids and other β-keto acids; reaction proceeds via six-membered cyclic intermediate

A

decarboxylation

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11
Q

decarboxylation mechanism:

A
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12
Q

mixing long-chain carboxylic acids (fatty acids) with a strong base results in formation of a salt we call soap

A

saponification

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13
Q

contain hydrophilic carboxylate heads and hydrophobic alkyl chain tails; organize in hydrophilic environments to from micelles

A

soaps

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14
Q

dissolves nonpolar organic molecules in its interior, and can be solvated with water due to its exterior shell of hydrophilic groups

A

micelle

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