Aldehydes and Ketones I: Electrophilicity and Oxidation-Reduction

Question 1

carbonyl characteristic dictated by polarity of double bond; carbon has a partial positive charge making it electrophilic

Answer 1

reactivity of carbonyl

Question 2

water adds to a carbonyl, forming a geminal diol

Answer 2

hydration reaction

Question 3

hydration reaction

Answer 3

Question 4

formed when one equivalent of alcohol reacts with an aldehyde/ketone, via nucleophilic addition

Answer 4

hemiacetal/hemiketal

Question 5

hemiacetal/hemiketal formation

Answer 5

Question 6

formed when two equivalents of alcohol react with an aldehyde/ketone, via nucleophilic substitution

Answer 6

acetal/ketal

Question 7

acetal/ketal formation

Answer 7

Question 8

can form when nitrogen and nitrogen derivatives react with carbonyls

Answer 8

imines

Question 9

imine formation

Answer 9

Question 10

can form when hydrogen cyanide reacts with carbonyls

Answer 10

cyanohydrins

Question 11

cyanohydrin formation

Answer 11

Question 12

_____ (aldehydes and/or ketones) can be oxidized by KMNO4, CrO3, Ag2O, or H2O2

Answer 12

aldehydes

Question 13

____ (aldehydes and/or ketones) can be reduced by LiAlH4 or NaBH4

Answer 13

aldehydes and ketones