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Organic Chemistry > Carboxylic Acid > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acid Flashcards

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1
Q

Common name for methanoic acid?

A

formic acid

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2
Q

Common name for ethanoic acid?

A

acetic acid

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3
Q

Common name for propanoic acid?

A

propionic acid

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4
Q

Common name for ethanedioic acid?

A

oxalic acid

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5
Q

Common name for propanedioic acid?

A

malonic acid

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6
Q

Common name for butanedioic acid?

A

succinic acid

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7
Q

Having e- withdrawing substituents _____ acidity.

A

increases

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8
Q

Having e- donating substituents _______ acidity.

A

decreases

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9
Q

What is acidity an indicator for?

A

how easy it is to deprotonate something - more acidic means easier

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10
Q

What accounts for the relatively high acidity of carboxylic acids?

A
  • electron withdrawing oxygen atoms in the functional group

- high stability of the carboxylate anion due to resonance stabilized

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11
Q

What can be oxidized to form a carboxylic acid?

A

primary alcohols and aldehydes

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12
Q

What are acyl derivatives?

A

encompass all molecules with a carboxylic acid-derived carbonyl - carboxylic acids, amides, ester, anhydrides

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13
Q

What are lactams?

A

cyclic amides

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14
Q

What is esterification?

A

a condensation reaction converted carboxylic acid with alcohol to an ester with water as a side reaction

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15
Q

What are lactones?

A

cyclic esters

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16
Q

What does reacting two carboxylic acids yield?

A

anhydride

17
Q

Carboxylic acid can be reduced to what using LDA?

A

primary alcohol

18
Q

LDA and NaBH4 can reduce carboxylic acids? T/F

A

F - NaBH4 is not strong enough reducing agent

19
Q

What is decarboxylation?

A

complete loss of the carboxyl group as carbon dioxide that yields enol/keto

20
Q

Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions

A

Nucleophile attacks, opening the carbonyl and forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The carbonyl then reforms, kicking off the leaving group

21
Q

How is intramolecular cyclic anhydride formation done?

A

heat

22
Q

What is the most reactive: anhydrides, esters, and amides

A

anhydrides

23
Q

What is the least reactive: anhydrides, esters, and amides

A

amides

24
Q

What is induction?

A

distribution of charge across pi bonds

25
Q

What is conjugation?

A

presence of alternating single and multiple bonds

26
Q

What does reacting an anhyride with ammonia?

A

amide and carboxylic acid

27
Q

What does reacting an anhydride with alcohol do?

A

ester and carboxylic acid

28
Q

What does reacting an anhydride with water do?

A

two carboxylic acids

29
Q

What is transesterification?

A

alcohols act as nucleophiles and displace the esterifying group on an ester

30
Q

Under what conditions are amides hydrolyzed?

A

highly acidic conditions

31
Q

What does an amide and water yield?

A

carboxylic acid and ammonia

Organic Chemistry (11 decks)

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