Bonding

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

electrons are transferred from one atom to another and the resulting ions are held together by electrostatic interactions

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

electrons are being shared between atoms

Question 3

What is the principal quantum number?

Answer 3

(n) corresponds to the energy level of a given electron in an atom and is essentially a measure of size; the smaller the number, the closer the shell is to the nucleus

Question 4

What is the azimuthal quantum number?

Answer 4

(l) describes the number of subshells within each electron shell and describes the shape; possible values range from 0 to n-1 and are also denoted by s,p,d and f

Question 5

What is the magnetic quantum number?

Answer 5

(msubl) describes the orbitals within each subshell; possible values range of -l to +l for each subshell and orbits are called p and s

Question 6

Describe the s-orbital

Answer 6

spherical and symmetrical, center around the nucleus

Question 7

Describe the p-orbital

Answer 7

composed of two lobes located symmetrically about the nucleus and has a node which is an area where the probability of finding an electron is zero; there are three p orbitals, each at a different orientation

Question 8

What is the spin quantum number?

Answer 8

(msubs) describes the position of the two electrons in each orbital; values are either +1/2 or -1/2

Question 9

What are molecular orbitals?

Answer 9

Orbitals that are formed by combining two atomic orbitals and obtained through mathematically adding or subtracting the wave functions of those atomic orbitals

Question 10

What are bonding vs antibonding orbitals?

Answer 10

Bonding orbitals are when the signs of the wave functions are the same and it creates a lower energy/more stable orbital and antibonding is when the signs are different.

Question 11

What is a sigma bond?

Answer 11

A bond that is created when a molecular orbital is formed by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap. All single bonds are sigma bonds with two electrons

Question 12

What is a pi bond?

Answer 12

A pi bond is formed when two p-orbitals line up side to side and their electron clouds overlap and a molecular orbital is formed.

Question 13

What is the molecular orbital basis of single bonds?

Answer 13

All single bonds are made of sigma bonds

Question 14

What is the molecular orbital basis of double bonds?

Answer 14

1 Pi bond + 1 sigma bond

Question 15

What is the molecular orbital basis of triple bonds?

Answer 15

2 pi bonds + 1 sigma bond

Question 16

What are hybrid orbitals?

Answer 16

formed by mixing different types of orbitals

Question 17

What kind of bonds do sp3 correspond to?

Answer 17

single bonds

Question 18

What kind of bonds do sp2 correspond to?

Answer 18

double bonds

Question 19

What kind of bonds do sp correspond to?

Answer 19

triple bonds

Question 20

What is conjugation?

Answer 20

requires alternating single and multiple bonds because this pattern aligns a number of unhybridized p-orbitals down the backbone of the molecule