Carbon/Organic Chemistry Flashcards
what is catalytic cracking?
longer chain molecules passed over a heated catalyst and are broken into shorter chain molecules
as hydrocarbon length increases what happens to flammability?
decreases
as IMF increases and therefore higher b.p, therefore, lower flammability
what is a homologous series?
compounds with similar chemical properties and the same general formula
What happens when bromine water is added across a double bond?
the product will be colourless nad a colour change will be seen
what happens when an alkene reacts with hydrogen?
an alkane is produced
What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation
addition polymerisation:
- doesn’t produce any other product except polymer
- one type of monomer molecule
condensation polymerisation:
-produces by-product like h20 or hcl
-two different types of monomers
what are polyesters?
are condensation polymers formed from ester linkages
how are polyesters formed?
carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol to produce an ester bond
O - C=O
what are polyamides?
are condensation polymers formed from amide linkages
how are polyamides formed?
carboxylic acid combines with an amine group (NH2) to form an amide linkage (O=C-N-H)
what type of linkages do proteins have?
amino acids join via amide linkages to form proteins
called peptide bonds
what are biodegradable polymers?
break down after intended use by the action of microorganism and enzymes
these often contain amide and ester linkages
what are non-biodegradable polymers?
don’t break down after use
usually consists of long chain of C and H atoms
these strong bonding makes it hard to break down my enzymes and etc.
What is an alcohol general formula?
Cn H2n+1 OH
how does an alcohol react with sodium?
similar to the way water reacts with sodium
fast and rigorous
but some alcohol reactions are slower and moderate
H2 is produced and the H is replaced with Na
