Carbon Chemistry

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

Substances which contain only hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

Which hydrocarbons are unsaturated?

Answer 2

Compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon bond (=)

Question 3

Which hydrocarbons are saturated?

Answer 3

Compounds with single carbon-to-carbon bonds (–)

Question 4

How can you test for saturation?

Answer 4

Using Bromine solution, where an unsaturated compound turns the Bromine solution colourless

Question 5

When an alkene reacts with Hydrogen, what is formed?

Answer 5

The corresponding alkane

This is reaction is referred to as hydrogenation

Question 6

When an alkane reacts with water, what is formed?

Answer 6

The corresponding alcohol

This reaction is referred to as hydration

Question 7

What are isomers?

Answer 7

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 8

What functional group do alcohols contain?

Answer 8

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

Question 9

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 9

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 10

When naming alcohols, do you name them from the OH group or the branches?

Answer 10

The OH group

Question 11

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 11

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of the carbon chain

Question 12

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 12

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom in the middle of the chain

Question 13

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 13

An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom with a branch

Question 14

What are diols and triols?

Answer 14

Diols are alcohols which contain 2 hydroxyl groups

Triols are alcohols which contain 3 hydroxyl groups

Question 15

Which intermolecular forces do alcohols contain?

Answer 15

LDF’s and Hydrogen Bonding

The more OH groups, the more hydrogen bonding involved

Question 16

What are the effects of additional OH groups on alcohols?

Answer 16

1. Hydrogen bonding increases
2. Melting/boiling points increases
3. Solubility in water increases
4. Viscosity increases

Question 17

What is viscosity?

Answer 17

The thickness of a liquid

Liquids like golden syrup are described as viscous

Question 18

What is the first way which you can test viscosity?

Answer 18

1. Time how long it takes a marble to sink to the bottom of a test tube containing the liquid. The liquid that takes the longest is the most viscous

Question 19

What is the second way which you can test viscosity?

Answer 19

2. Fill a tube nearly to the top with each liquid and seal both ends so a small air bubble is left. Invert the tube and time how long it takes for the air bubble to travel form one side to the other

Question 20

What is the third way which you can test viscosity?

Answer 20

3. Time how long it takes a particular volume of liquid to pass through a burette. The liquid that takes the longest to pass through the burette to the conical flask is the most viscous

Question 21

What functional group do carboxylic acids contain?

Answer 21

The carboxyl functional group
(-COOH)

Question 22

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

Answer 22

Cn H2n+1 COOH

Question 23

Metal Oxide + Acid =

Answer 23

Salt + Water

Question 24

Metal Carbonate + Acid =

Answer 24

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 25

Metal Hydroxide + Acid =

Answer 25

Salt + Water

Question 26

Metal + Acid =

Answer 26

Salt + Hydrogen

Question 27

What salt is produced when Sodium Hydroxide and Ethanoic Acid are reacted together?

Answer 27

Sodium Ethanoate