Carbon Chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Substances which contain only hydrogen and carbon
Which hydrocarbons are unsaturated?
Compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon bond (=)
Which hydrocarbons are saturated?
Compounds with single carbon-to-carbon bonds (–)
How can you test for saturation?
Using Bromine solution, where an unsaturated compound turns the Bromine solution colourless
When an alkene reacts with Hydrogen, what is formed?
The corresponding alkane
This is reaction is referred to as hydrogenation
When an alkane reacts with water, what is formed?
The corresponding alcohol
This reaction is referred to as hydration
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What functional group do alcohols contain?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
What is the general formula for alcohols?
Cn H2n+1 OH
When naming alcohols, do you name them from the OH group or the branches?
The OH group
What is a primary alcohol?
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of the carbon chain
What is a secondary alcohol?
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom in the middle of the chain
What is a tertiary alcohol?
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom with a branch
What are diols and triols?
Diols are alcohols which contain 2 hydroxyl groups
Triols are alcohols which contain 3 hydroxyl groups
Which intermolecular forces do alcohols contain?
LDF’s and Hydrogen Bonding
The more OH groups, the more hydrogen bonding involved
What are the effects of additional OH groups on alcohols?
- Hydrogen bonding increases
- Melting/boiling points increases
- Solubility in water increases
- Viscosity increases
What is viscosity?
The thickness of a liquid
Liquids like golden syrup are described as viscous
What is the first way which you can test viscosity?
- Time how long it takes a marble to sink to the bottom of a test tube containing the liquid. The liquid that takes the longest is the most viscous
What is the second way which you can test viscosity?
- Fill a tube nearly to the top with each liquid and seal both ends so a small air bubble is left. Invert the tube and time how long it takes for the air bubble to travel form one side to the other
What is the third way which you can test viscosity?
- Time how long it takes a particular volume of liquid to pass through a burette. The liquid that takes the longest to pass through the burette to the conical flask is the most viscous
What functional group do carboxylic acids contain?
The carboxyl functional group
(-COOH)
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
Cn H2n+1 COOH
Metal Oxide + Acid =
Salt + Water
Metal Carbonate + Acid =
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
