carbohydrates term

Question 1

glucose

Answer 1

product of photosynthesis, body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, main source of energy for body’s cells, tissues, and organs

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

chemical process where plant cells combine solar energy with carbon dioxide, producing an end product of glucose and a byproduct of oxygen

Question 3

chlorophyll

Answer 3

green pigment, which captures light energy and harness that energy to do work in the plant

Question 4

simple carbohydrates

Answer 4

broken down quickly, one or two sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides)

Question 5

monosaccharide

Answer 5

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 6

disaccharide

Answer 6

two monosaccharides joined together

Question 7

complex carbohydrates

Answer 7

take longer to digest, many sugars (polysaccharides)

Question 8

polysaccharides

Answer 8

comprised of more than ten monosaccharides, long chains and branches of sugars linked together (starch, fiber, and glycogen)

Question 9

fructose

Answer 9

one of the three monosaccharides

Question 10

galactose

Answer 10

one of the three monosaccharides

Question 11

sucrose

Answer 11

one of the three disaccharides, glucose + fructose

Question 12

maltose

Answer 12

one of the three disaccharides, glucose + glucose

Question 13

lactose

Answer 13

one of the three disaccharides, glucose + galactose

Question 14

starch

Answer 14

the storage form in plants, amylose (straight chains of glucose units) and amylopectin (branched chains of glucose units)

Question 15

fiber

Answer 15

non digestible polysaccharide

Question 16

glycogen

Answer 16

storage form of glucose, stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 17

dietary fiber

Answer 17

naturally found in foods

Question 18

functional fiber

Answer 18

added to food for beneficial effect (psyllium added to cereals)

Question 19

lactose malabsorption

Answer 19

natural part of aging, can still consume dairy and should not eliminate it from their diets