Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 1

Beta has the OH facing upward and is opposite to the OH and H on the other side

Question 2

What are the bonds involved in glucose

Answer 2

Glycosidic bond from covalent bonds

Question 3

Name what the components for starch are

Answer 3

•amylose
Formed from 1-4 alpha glucose bonds, this will fold to form a helix held by hydrogen bonds

•amylopectin
Same as amylose except every 25 subunits a 1-6 bond forms a branch

Question 4

Why is starch useful

Answer 4

The structure of starch means it’s insoluble, branches and compact so is good for storage and quick energy source for plants

Question 5

What is glycogen

Answer 5

It’s the same as amylopectin except the 1-6 bond occurs at a more frequent rate causing even more branches

Useful for animals as we are mobile

Question 6

Describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 6

•use of beta glucose
One is flipped and the other is not they also form hydrogen bonds

•they form cellulose molecules, microfibrils, macrofibrils then cellulose fibres

Question 7

Sugars you need to know

Answer 7

Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Glucose + Glucose = maltose
Glucose + galactose = Lactose