Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are a macronutrient that provides energy for the body. They are classified into sugars, starch (complex carbohydrates), and fibre.

Question 2

Types of Carbohydrates

Answer 2

1. Sugars

Sugars are classified into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
• Monosaccharides (Single sugar molecules)
• The simplest form of sugar.
• Examples: Glucose (fruit, vegetables), Fructose (honey, fruit), Galactose (milk).
• Disaccharides (Two sugar molecules joined together)
• Examples: Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk), Maltose (cereals, barley).
• Found in sweets, chocolate, fruit, and some dairy products.

Sugars provide quick-release energy but excessive consumption can lead to tooth decay, weight gain, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

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2. Starch (Complex Carbohydrates)
   • Structure: Made up of long chains of glucose molecules.
   • Sources: Found in foods such as bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, cereals, and legumes.
   • Function: Provides slow-release energy, keeping blood sugar levels stable.

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3. Fibre (Non-Starch Polysaccharides – NSP)
   • Sources: Found in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and pulses.
   • Function: Helps with digestion, prevents constipation, and reduces the risk of bowel disease, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.

Question 3

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 3

1. Primary source of energy – Provides 4 kcal per gram.
   
   2. Starch provides slow-release energy, keeping blood sugar levels stable.
   3. Fibre aids digestion and helps prevent constipation.
   4. Essential for brain function – The brain relies on glucose for energy.

Question 4

Carbohydrate deficiency

Answer 4

A lack of carbohydrates can lead to:
• Fatigue and weakness due to lack of energy.
• Weight loss as the body uses fat and protein for energy.
• Poor digestion due to lack of fibre, leading to constipation.