Food Provenance: Cereals Sugar Fruits And Vegetables Flashcards
Food sources and how they are grown
Cereals
• Grown in fields as large-scale crops.
• Examples: Wheat, rice, barley, oats, maize.
• Harvested and processed into flour, pasta, and breakfast cereals.
Sugars
• Comes from sugar cane (tropical climates) and sugar beet (cooler climates like the UK).
• Sugar cane is crushed and processed to extract sugar.
• Sugar beet is harvested and refined to produce sugar granules.
Fruits and Vegetables
• Grown in orchards, greenhouses, or fields.
• Examples of fruits: Apples, bananas, strawberries, oranges.
• Examples of vegetables: Carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, broccoli.
• Some require controlled environments (greenhouses) for better growth.
Advantages and disadvantages of locally produced and seasonal foods
Locally produced food advantages: Fresher, supports local farmers, lower carbon footprint
Disadvantages locally produced foods: Seasonal availability is limited, can be more expensive
Advantages of seasonal foods: Better flavour, cheaper when in season, reduces environmental impact
Disadvantages of seasonal foods: Limited variety, may not available all year
Where and How Food Is Grown: Organic and Non-Organic Farming
Organic Farming
• No artificial chemicals or pesticides.
• Uses natural fertilisers (manure, compost).
• Encourages crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.
• Animals are free-range and fed organic food.
Advantages:
✔ Environmentally friendly.
✔ No artificial chemicals.
✔ Supports biodiversity.
Disadvantages:
✖ More expensive for consumers.
✖ Lower crop yield.
Non-Organic (Conventional) Farming
• Uses artificial pesticides, herbicides, and fertilisers to boost production.
• Genetically modified (GM) crops may be used.
• Large-scale production meets demand efficiently.
Advantages:
✔ Cheaper for consumers.
✔ Higher crop yield.
✔ Easier to grow food all year.
Disadvantages:
✖ May harm the environment.
✖ Use of chemicals can impact wildlife and soil health.
Classification of Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits
• Soft fruits: Strawberries, raspberries.
• Citrus fruits: Oranges, lemons, limes.
• Stone fruits: Peaches, plums, cherries.
• Tropical fruits: Bananas, mangoes, pineapples.
Vegetables
• Root vegetables: Carrots, potatoes, turnips.
• Leafy vegetables: Spinach, lettuce, kale.
• Pulses (Legumes): Lentils, chickpeas, peas.
• Stem vegetables: Celery, asparagus.
