Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are organic molecules?
Molecules containing carbon, carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Monomers definition
Monomers are small repeating units from which larger molecules called polymers are made
Polymer definitions
Polymers are molecules from large numbers, 3 or more, joined together
Carbohydrate monomers
Monosaccharides e.g. glucose, fructose and galactose
Carbohydrate dimers
Disaccharides e.g. maltose, lactose and sucrose
Carbohydrate polymers
Polysaccharides e.g. starch, cellulose and glycogen
Protein monomers
Amino acids e.g. glycine and tyrosine
Protein polymers
Polypeptides + proteins e.g. haemoglobin and enzymes
Nucleic acid monomers
Nucleotides e.g. thymine and adenine
Nucleic acid polymers
Polynucleotides e.g. DNA and RNA
In carbohydrates what are the bonds called?
Glycosidic bonds
In proteins what are the bonds called?
Peptide bonds
In DNA what are the bonds called?
Phosphodiester bonds
What are condensation reactions?
Joining of two molecules with a chemical bond, involving the elimination of a water molecule.
What is the purpose of a condensation reaction?
Required to join monomers, to form dimers and polymers. For every new bond formed, a water molecule is formed.
What are hydrolysis reactions?
To break chemical bonds between two monomers involves using a water molecule