ATP Flashcards
ATP stands for…
Adenosine triphosphate
Energy is initially from the…
Sun
How many ATP molecules is created in 1 cycle of respiration?
6 ATP’s
Structure of adenosine triphosphate
A nucleotide derivative all joined via condensation reactions
- A nitrogen base = adenine
- 1 ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups
Why are the phosphate groups important in rapid energy production?
Bonds between phosphate have low activation energy because bonds are unstable and easily broken. When broken the bonds release small pockets of energy (30KJ). From the end phosphate that is removed
ATP reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + water -> Adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy
OR
ATP + H2O ->ADP + Pi + E
What is phosphorylation?
The inorganic phosphate produced can be added to other biological molecules to make them more reactive
What is ATP hydrolysis catalysed by?
ATP hydrolase
Breakdown of ATP to ADP to AMP is what kind of reaction?
Reversible
Where does ATP synthesis take place?
In the mitochondria as past of aerobic respiration
What is ATP synthesis catalysed by?
ATP synthase
Why can’t ATP be stored?
Not an energy dense molecule, unstable and high energy bonds but is a good energy donor. Also due to its charge and size it cannot be moved between cells.
Why don’t cells require lots of ATP?
It is easily recycled and resynthesised
Processes ATP is involved in:
-Metabolic processes -> Energy needed to make polymers from monomers e.g proteins from amino acids
-Movement -> Muscle contraction
-Active transport -> Change shape of carrier proteins in cell surface membrane allowing molecules to move against the concentration gradient
-Secretion -> Form and move vesicles needed for cell product secretion
-Activation of molecules -> Inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of ATP used to make molecules more reactive through phosphorylation e.g lowering activation energy for enzyme catalysed reactions
When is ATP made?
During respiration and photosynthesis
