carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a monomer?

Answer 1

A small single molecule, which can join many other similar molecules to make up a polymer.

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

A large molecule made up of many smaller similar monomers joined together.

Question 3

What are the 3 elements carbohydrates are made from?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 4

what are the single monomer units of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides,

Question 5

What is sucrose made with?

Answer 5

A-glucose and fructose

Question 6

What is lactose made with?

Answer 6

B-glucose and galactose

Question 7

What is maltose made with?

Answer 7

A-glucose and a-glucose

Question 8

What is the bond joining monosaccharides together?

Answer 8

Glycosidic bond

Question 9

What type of reactions joins and splits monosaccharides?

Answer 9

Join - condensation
splits - hydrolysis

Question 10

What are the two types of starch?

Answer 10

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 11

Features of amylose

Answer 11

-Long, unbranched chain of a-glucose.
- coiled structure and compact so good for storage.
-1-4 bonds.

Question 12

Features of amylopectin

Answer 12

-Long, branched chain of a-glucose.
-1-4 and 1-6 bonds.
-Contains side branches which allow the enzymes that break down molecules get to the glycosidic bonds easily. This means glucose is released faster.

Question 13

What features makes starch good for storage?

Answer 13

• Compact
• Insoluble in water, so doesn’t cause water to enter by osmosis.

Question 14

Where’s starch found?

Answer 14

Found in plants (main energy sorage)

Question 15

Features of glycogen

Answer 15

-Polysaccharide of alpha-glucose.
-Lots of side branches coming off it. This means stored glucose can be released quickly, which is important for energy release in mammals.
- Compact molecule so good for storage.
- Bonds are 1-4 and 1-6.

Question 16

Where is glycogen found?

Answer 16

Found in animals (main energy storage)

Question 17

Features of cellulose

Answer 17

• Cellulose is made of long, unbranched chains of beta-glucose.
  -1-4 bond

Question 18

What is cellulose chains linked by and what does this form?

Answer 18

• Linked together by hydrogen bonds to form strong fibres called microfibrils.
• Strong fibres mean cellulose provides structural support for cells.

Question 19

Where is cellulose found?

Answer 19

Major component of cell walls in plants.

Question 20

What is the test for carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Benedict’s test (reducing sugars test)

Question 21

How does the structure of glycogen differ from amylopectin to make it a better energy store in animals?

Answer 21

• More compact
• More coiled
• Has more side branches, so glucose is released faster

Question 22

Three properties of cellulose that make it suitable as the basis of plant cell walls.

Answer 22

1- flexible
2- high tensile strength
3- insoluble

Question 23

Why do mammals store glycogen instead of glucose?

Answer 23

• Compact
• Metabolically inactive

Question 24

Name the carbohydrate molecules used to store energy in plants and animals.

Answer 24

plants - starch
animals - glycogen

Question 25

What ion is required for the hydrolysis of starch by an enzyme?

Answer 25

Cl-