carbohydrates

Question 1

what are monomers

Answer 1

smaller units which can create larger molecules called polymers in a condensation reaction

Question 2

what are polymers

Answer 2

molecule made from 3 or more smaller molecules called monomers bonded together

Question 3

name 3 monomers

Answer 3

glucose
amino acids
nucleotide

Question 4

name 3 polymers

Answer 4

protein
dna/rna
strach

Question 5

what are monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides examples of

Answer 5

sugars

Question 6

give 3 monosaccharides

Answer 6

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 7

give 3 disaccharides

Answer 7

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Question 8

give 3 polysaccharides

Answer 8

starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 9

how has glucose got 2 isomers

Answer 9

alpha and beta glucose both have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in their structure.

Question 10

what happens in digestion

Answer 10

polysaccharides and disaccharide are broken down into monosaccharides and are then absorbed and used by body

Question 11

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 11

joining 2 molecules together through the removal of a H2O molecule and formation of a bond. ( in exams specify bond)

Question 12

state the monomers of starch and the bonds between them

Answer 12

amylose and amylopectin (2 polymers of alpha glucose)
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 13

function and location of starch

Answer 13

its a store of glucose and its found in starch grains inside plant cells’ ( chloroplasts )

Question 14

structure of amylase

Answer 14

• unbranched chains of a-glucose coils up to make a helix which is compact so its good for storage and it takes up less space in the cell
• large so it cant diffuse out of cell
• 1-4 glycosidic bond
• insoluble so wont affect water potential

Question 15

state the monomers of cellulose and the bonds between them

Answer 15

beta glucose and the bonds are 1-4 glycosidic

Question 16

function and location of cellulose

Answer 16

for structure and strength of cell wall and its found in the cell wall of plants

Question 17

structure of cellulose

Answer 17

-long straight chains of beta glucose
-which are held together in parallel by many weak hydrogen bonds which collectively provide strength and rigidity
-weak hydrogen bonds form microfibrils
-insoluble so wont affect water potential
-not sweet

Question 18

state the monomers of glycogen and bond between them

Answer 18

alpha glucose and has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 19

give the functions and location on glycogen

Answer 19

its a store of glucose and mainly found in liver and muscle cells

Question 20

structure of glycogen

Answer 20

-has 1-6 glycosidic bonds than Amylopectin therefore its highly branched
-larger surface area
-stored in muscles and liver because there’s more energy demand there
- short branches for rapid hydrolysis into glucose for respiration
-insoluble so doesn’t affect the water potential

Question 20

why does cellulose give cell rigidity

Answer 20

because the cell wall is inelastic and has high tensile strength to prevent cell bursting.

Question 21

why does every other beta molecule rotate 180 degrees

Answer 21

to allow OH groups on carbon 1 and 4 to be adjacent to each other to form a 1-4 B glycosidic bond

Question 22

structure of amylopectin

Answer 22

• branched polymer which provides a large surface area for rapid hydrolysis by enzymes to release glucose for respiration
• large so cant diffuse out of the cell
• 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• insoluble so wont affect water potential