Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What atoms are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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2
Q

What atoms is there two times as much of in carbohydrates?

A

Two times as many hydrogen than oxygen

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3
Q

What is the ratio of carbohydrates?

A

1:2:1
C:H:O

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula of glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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5
Q

Name three kinds of monosaccharides

A

-glucose
-fructose
-galactose

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6
Q

Name three kinds of disaccharides

A

-lactose
-sucrose
-maltose

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7
Q

Name three kinds of polysaccharides

A

-starch
-cellulose
-glycogen

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8
Q

What is glycogen

A

Animal starch
-meat

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9
Q

What is sucrose made up of

A

Glucose and fructose

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10
Q

What is maltase made up of

A

Double glucose

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11
Q

What is lactose made up of

A

Glucose and galactose

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12
Q

What is an organic substance

A

Any molecule with carbon and hydrogen

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13
Q

What are glycosidic bonds

A

Covalent bonds that join a carbohydrate molecule to another group
Carbon-oxygen-carbon

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14
Q

Which carbohydrates are big enough to be macromolecules

A

Polysaccharides

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15
Q

What is anabolism

A

The buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones.
-requires energy
-happens due to hydration synthesis

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16
Q

What is dehydration synthesis

A

The creation of larger molecules from smaller ones and a water molecule is released

17
Q

Which of the 10 characteristics of life involves dehydration synthesis

A

Assimilation

18
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

The breaking of glycosidic bonds that connect monosaccharides
-water is added

19
Q

Which of the 10 characteristics of life involved hydrolysis

20
Q

What are two main functions of carbohydrates

A

-provide energy
-supply materials to build cell structures

21
Q

What kind of carbs test positive for the iodine test

A

Polysaccharides
-they are able to bind iodine molecules to form intense blue colored complexes

22
Q

What kinds of carbs test positive in Benedict’s Test

A

Reducing sugars

23
Q

What carbs test positive during Barfoed’s test

A

Monosaccharides

24
Q

What carbs test positive and negative during Seliwanoff test

A

Ketoses test positive aldoses test negative

25
What do reducing sugars include
All monosaccharides and most disaccharides (excluding sucrose)
26
In an aldose monosaccharide, where is the C-O at
The end or the outside of a molecule
27
In a ketose monosaccharide where is the C-O at
Inside the molecule
28
What carbohydrates are ketoses
Fructose
29
What carbohydrates are aldoses
Glucose and galactose
30
What does a lack of insulin production cause
Leads to elevated glucose levels in the blood (hypoglycemia) -can cause damage to eyes, nerves and kidneys
31
What is an example of dehydration synthesis
The bonding of glucose and fructose to create sucrose
32
What is an example of hydrolysis
The breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose
33
Can cellulose be digested
No
34
What does cellulose do
Provides fiber which facilitates the movement of food
35
What happens if the body doesn’t get enough carbohydrates
Then non carbohydrates such as amino acids have to be converted into glucose