Carbohydrates

Question 1

What atoms are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

What atoms is there two times as much of in carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Two times as many hydrogen than oxygen

Question 3

What is the ratio of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

1:2:1
C:H:O

Question 4

What is the chemical formula of glucose?

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

Name three kinds of monosaccharides

Answer 5

-glucose
-fructose
-galactose

Question 6

Name three kinds of disaccharides

Answer 6

-lactose
-sucrose
-maltose

Question 7

Name three kinds of polysaccharides

Answer 7

-starch
-cellulose
-glycogen

Question 8

What is glycogen

Answer 8

Animal starch
-meat

Question 9

What is sucrose made up of

Answer 9

Glucose and fructose

Question 10

What is maltase made up of

Answer 10

Double glucose

Question 11

What is lactose made up of

Answer 11

Glucose and galactose

Question 12

What is an organic substance

Answer 12

Any molecule with carbon and hydrogen

Question 13

What are glycosidic bonds

Answer 13

Covalent bonds that join a carbohydrate molecule to another group
Carbon-oxygen-carbon

Question 14

Which carbohydrates are big enough to be macromolecules

Answer 14

Polysaccharides

Question 15

What is anabolism

Answer 15

The buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones.
-requires energy
-happens due to hydration synthesis

Question 16

What is dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

The creation of larger molecules from smaller ones and a water molecule is released

Question 17

Which of the 10 characteristics of life involves dehydration synthesis

Answer 17

Assimilation

Question 18

What is hydrolysis

Answer 18

The breaking of glycosidic bonds that connect monosaccharides
-water is added

Question 19

Which of the 10 characteristics of life involved hydrolysis

Answer 19

Digestion

Question 20

What are two main functions of carbohydrates

Answer 20

-provide energy
-supply materials to build cell structures

Question 21

What kind of carbs test positive for the iodine test

Answer 21

Polysaccharides
-they are able to bind iodine molecules to form intense blue colored complexes

Question 22

What kinds of carbs test positive in Benedict’s Test

Answer 22

Reducing sugars

Question 23

What carbs test positive during Barfoed’s test

Answer 23

Monosaccharides

Question 24

What carbs test positive and negative during Seliwanoff test

Answer 24

Ketoses test positive aldoses test negative

Question 25

What do reducing sugars include

Answer 25

All monosaccharides and most disaccharides (excluding sucrose)

Question 26

In an aldose monosaccharide, where is the C-O at

Answer 26

The end or the outside of a molecule

Question 27

In a ketose monosaccharide where is the C-O at

Answer 27

Inside the molecule

Question 28

What carbohydrates are ketoses

Answer 28

Fructose

Question 29

What carbohydrates are aldoses

Answer 29

Glucose and galactose

Question 30

What does a lack of insulin production cause

Answer 30

Leads to elevated glucose levels in the blood (hypoglycemia)
-can cause damage to eyes, nerves and kidneys

Question 31

What is an example of dehydration synthesis

Answer 31

The bonding of glucose and fructose to create sucrose

Question 32

What is an example of hydrolysis

Answer 32

The breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 33

Can cellulose be digested

Answer 33

No

Question 34

What does cellulose do

Answer 34

Provides fiber which facilitates the movement of food

Question 35

What happens if the body doesn’t get enough carbohydrates

Answer 35

Then non carbohydrates such as amino acids have to be converted into glucose