Carbohydrates

Question 1

Functions of CHO

Answer 1

energy source
blood glucose level maintenance
red blood cell energy (utilise anaerobic glycolysis)
glycoprotein cell receptors (cell communication)
Substrate in biosynthesis

Question 2

Main forms of CHO

Answer 2

monosaccharides (pentose/hexose - e.g. glucose, fructose and galactose)
disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
polysaccharides (multiple monosaccharides - complex starch)

Question 3

Monosaccharide absorption

Answer 3

1. Active transport = glucose and galactose, Na (SGLT1) + Na/K/ATPase (GLUT2)
2. facilitated transport = glucose and galactose (GLUT2)
3. Facilitated transport = fructose (GLUT5) -> GLUT2 + ADP + Pi.

Question 4

Which transporter is insulin dependent?

Answer 4

GLUT4