Carbohydrates Flashcards
Elements
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Classification
Monosaccharide
- Simple unit of sugar containing one single sugar unit
Disaccharide
- formed when two monosaccharides join resulting in loss of water molecule
Polysaccharide
- formed when three or more monosaccharides join resulting in loss of water molecule at each new link
Monosaccharide Chemical formula
C6 h12 o6
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose- Fruit
fructose- fruit and honey
Galactose- Digested milk
Draw the chemical structure of a monosaccharide
Check book page 18
Disaccharide chemical formula
C12 h12 o11
Examples of disaccharides
Maltose = glucose + glucose barely Sucrose = glucose + fructose table sugar Lactose = glucose + galactose milk
Polysaccharide chemical formula
(C6 h10 05)n
Examples of polysaccharides
Starch = cereals and potatoes pectin = fruit and nuts glycogen = meat gums = plants and seaweed cellulose = skins of fruit and vegetables
Properties of sugar
Chasmics Crystallisation Hydrolysis Assists aeration Solubility Mailard reaction Inversion Caramelisation Sweetness
Solubility
soluble in water
Eg sugar in hot tea
Sweetness
Sweet
-Fructose in ripe strawberry is sweeter than lactose milk
Assists aeration
Helps denture protein in egg white allowing it to trap air and form a phone
Mailard reaction
Amino acid + sugar + dry heat = browning example toast
caramelisation
When sugar is heated on its own (dry heat) it melts and forms Carmel 177°C and eventually burns carbonises