Carbohydrates 1 Flashcards
Hydrates of carbon
Carbohydrates
Polymers of polyhydroxyaldehydes/ polyhydroxyketones & deriv
Carbohydrates
Aldehyde / ketone deriv of polyhydric alc consisting C, H, O where the ration of H & O is same as water
Carbohydrates
CHOH
Carbohydrates
Storage form of energy in the body
Carbohydrates
Provide significant fraction of energy in the diet of most org
Carbohydrates
Serves as structural component of many org
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in bacteria
Cell walls
Carbohydrates in insects
Exoskeleton
Carbohydrates in plants
Fibrous cellulose
Classification of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Most impt carbohydrate
Glucose
Major metabolic fuel of mammals
Glucose
Universal fuel of fetus
Glucose
For storage
Starch
Glycogen
Found in nucleic acid
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Lactose in milk, glycolipids, glycoproteins, proteoglycans
Galactose
Glucose is phosphorylated, converted to fructose, then fructose is phosphorylated
1st step
1st stage Glycolysis
Produces 2 mols:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
2nd step
2nd stage Glycolysis
Gly 3-P is oxidized by NAD+ 7 phosphorylated w/ Pi producing:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
NADH
1st step
2nd stage Glycolysis
Phosphates are transferred to ADP producing ATP in 2 diff steps
2nd step
2nd stage Glycolysis
Final product: 2x (Pyruvate + 2 ATP + NADH)
3rd step
2nd stage Glycolysis
NADH oxidized to NAD+ (when O2 is avail)
Final step in Glycolysis
Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to Lactate & NAD+
Anaerobic
Pyruvate transported to mitochondrion
Aerobic
Citric acid cycle aka
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Krebs cycle
Citric acid cycle goal
Take pyruvate and put it in Krebs cycle
Citric acid cycle product
NADH
FADH2
Citric acid cycle steps
Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
Krebs cycle proper
C,H,O in Krebs cycle becomes
CO2
H2O
Krebs cycle + conversion of pyruvate =
2 ATPs
8 NADHs
2 FADH2s
per glucose mol
