Carbohydrates 1 Flashcards
What are carbs?
Carbon-based molecules with many hydroxyl groups
What are carbs used for?
Used for energy storage, cellular recognition
What are the horizontal bonds in fischer projection?
Project outwards
Wedge bonds
How do the vertical bonds project?
Backwards
What is a carbonyl group?
it is a Carbon double bonded to an O
What is an aldehyde?
A central carbon bonded to a R and H and double bonded to a O
Ketone
Same as aldehyde but instead of an H it is bonded to a diff R group
What are monosaccharides?
Aldehydes or ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups called aldoses or ketoses. 3-6 carbons
What are isomers?
Same molecular formula but diff structure
Constitutional isomer
Differ in the order of the atoms
Structural isomer
Stereoisomers
same order of atoms but diff spatial arrangement
What are the two stereoisomers?
Enantiomers and diasteremoers
Enantiomers
Nonsuperimposable mirror images
Diasteromers
Isomers that are not mirror images
What are the two types of diastereomers?
Epimers and anomers
Epimers
Differ at only one of several asymmetric carbon atoms
Anomers
differ at a new asymmetic carbon formed on ring closure
Can you have diastereomers that are neither epimers or anomers?
Yes
How does ring closure work? (aldehydes)
Aldehyde and alcohol groups can react forming a hemiacetal
What is a hemiacetal
A carbon attached to a R group, H group, OH, and OR
What type of ring stend to be stable?
5 and 6 membered rings
What is a 6 membered ring called?
Pyranose
5 membered ring?
Furanose
Why is chair conformation favoured?
bc there is less steric hindrance
