Carbohydrates 1

Question 1

What are carbs?

Answer 1

Carbon-based molecules with many hydroxyl groups

Question 2

What are carbs used for?

Answer 2

Used for energy storage, cellular recognition

Question 3

What are the horizontal bonds in fischer projection?

Answer 3

Project outwards

Wedge bonds

Question 4

How do the vertical bonds project?

Answer 4

Backwards

Question 5

What is a carbonyl group?

Answer 5

it is a Carbon double bonded to an O

Question 6

What is an aldehyde?

Answer 6

A central carbon bonded to a R and H and double bonded to a O

Question 7

Ketone

Answer 7

Same as aldehyde but instead of an H it is bonded to a diff R group

Question 8

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 8

Aldehydes or ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups called aldoses or ketoses. 3-6 carbons

Question 9

What are isomers?

Answer 9

Same molecular formula but diff structure

Question 10

Constitutional isomer

Answer 10

Differ in the order of the atoms

Structural isomer

Question 11

Stereoisomers

Answer 11

same order of atoms but diff spatial arrangement

Question 12

What are the two stereoisomers?

Answer 12

Enantiomers and diasteremoers

Question 13

Enantiomers

Answer 13

Nonsuperimposable mirror images

Question 14

Diasteromers

Answer 14

Isomers that are not mirror images

Question 15

What are the two types of diastereomers?

Answer 15

Epimers and anomers

Question 16

Epimers

Answer 16

Differ at only one of several asymmetric carbon atoms

Question 17

Anomers

Answer 17

differ at a new asymmetic carbon formed on ring closure

Question 18

Can you have diastereomers that are neither epimers or anomers?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

How does ring closure work? (aldehydes)

Answer 19

Aldehyde and alcohol groups can react forming a hemiacetal

Question 20

What is a hemiacetal

Answer 20

A carbon attached to a R group, H group, OH, and OR

Question 21

What type of ring stend to be stable?

Answer 21

5 and 6 membered rings

Question 22

What is a 6 membered ring called?

Answer 22

Pyranose

Question 23

5 membered ring?

Answer 23

Furanose

Question 24

Why is chair conformation favoured?

Answer 24

bc there is less steric hindrance

Question 25

Is axial or eq better?

Answer 25

Eq bc axial has more steric hindrance

Question 26

How does ring closure work? (ketones)

Answer 26

Ketones and alcohol can react to from hemiketals

Question 27

Hemiketal

Answer 27

C attached to R, R’, OH, OR”