Carbohydrate Metabolism III Flashcards
Regulation steps of glycolysis
- Glucose to G6P by hexokinase
- Fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosate by PFK1
- Phosphoneolpyruvate to Pyruvate by Pyruvate Kianse
Substrate level phosphorylation
direct transfer of high energy P to ADP to make ATP without using oxygen or mitochondrio n
Affect of Insulin on glycolysis
promotes glycolysis
Affect of glucoagon on glycolysis
antagonist of insulin. Slows down glycolysis
Affect of epinephrine on glycolysis
stimulates
Affect of ATP on glycolysis
high ATP slows down glycolysis
Glycerol Phosphate shuttle
works in muscle and brain tissue. NADH reduced dihydrozyactone phosphate to G3P, then G3P is re-oxidized by dihydroxyactone phosphate and then electrons are transferred to FAD (becomes FADH2) which feeds electrons to ETS
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
Works in liver and heart tissues. NADH reduces OAA to malate which is transported to inner mitochondria membrane and oxidized to OAA. The electrons from this go to NAD. which is oxidized by mitochondrial ETS
Cori Cycle
Regeneration of NADH/NAD through lactate conversion to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase in the liver.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
deprives blood cells from ATP. Start to lyse because cells cannot maintain membrane potential, giving you hemolytic anemia
Fructose intolerance
Aldolase is deficiency, so Fructose 1 phosphate builds up in the liver, phosphate pool runs out so liver cannot break down glycogen and liver tissue is damaged
Galactosemia
Cannot utilize galactose in glycolysis
What key enzymes does galactosemia affect
galactokinase, galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase, UDP-galactose epimerase
Arsenic on glycosis
Arenate mimics phosphate during 1,3 bisphosphglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate step, so it binds to ADP and ATP is not made. Gives you hemolytic anemia
