Acetyl-Coa and the CAC Flashcards

1
Q

Acetyl CoA can be formed from

A

carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids

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2
Q

Once formed acetyl CoA can serve as

A

substrate for CAC, metabolic precursor for formation of fatty acids, ketone bodies, and cholesterol

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3
Q

Coenzymes of the PDH complex

A

2 solube: NAD+ and CoA

3 tightly bound: FAD, lipamide, TPP

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4
Q

vitamins of PDH complex

A

Thiamine (b1) - TPP
Riboflavin (b2) - FAD
Niacin (b3) - NAD+/NADH
Pantothenic acid (b5) - CoASH

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5
Q

Where does PDH complex take place

A

mitochondrial matrix

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6
Q

Pyruvate decarboxylase/dehydrogenase

A

removes CO2 and bind it to TPP

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7
Q

Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase

A

oxidizes hydroxyethyl intermediate to an acetyl group and transfers to lipoic acid that’s bound to enzyme, then acetyl group is transferred to CoASH

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8
Q

dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

A

reduces sulfuers of lipoic acid re=oxidized, depend on FAD

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9
Q

When is PDH less active

A

phosphorylated state

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10
Q

When is PDH more active

A

de-phosphorylated state

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11
Q

What inhibits PDH complex

A

Acetyl-CoA and NADH

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12
Q

What stimulates the PDH complex

A

CoASH, pyruvate, NAD+

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13
Q

Roles of CAC

A

major ATP-generating pathway. Source of metabolic precursors for biosynthesis

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14
Q

Where does the CAC take place

A

mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

What is the fuel of the CAC

A

acetyl-CoA

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16
Q

What are the products of the CAC

A

3 NADPH, 1FADH2, CoASH, GTP, 2CO2

17
Q

How many ATPS are made from 1 acetyl-CoA

A

12

18
Q

How many ATPs are made from 1 pyruvate

A

15

19
Q

How many ATPs are made from 1 glucose

A

30

20
Q

What anaplerotic enzyme converts pyruvate to OAA when acetyl-CoA is in excess

A

pyruvate carboxylase

21
Q

Regulation points for the CAC

A
  • availablity of Acetyl-CoA
  • isocitrate dehydrogenase
  • alpha-KG dehydrogenase
22
Q

Beri-Beri

A

caused by thiamine deficieny. Neuromusclar areas affected. Elderly, low income, and alcoholics more susceptible