carbohydrate memory quiz

Question 1

what are the 2 forms of diastereomers that can be formed?

Answer 1

epimers and anomers

Question 2

what is an epimer

Answer 2

where molecules differ only at one carbon centre

Question 3

what is an anomer

Answer 3

where the 2 ring structures differ at the anomeric center. differ in the spatial arrangement

Question 4

how is a hemi-actetal formed?

Answer 4

when an alcohol reacts with the acetal group of the same carbon chain.

Question 5

what are the 2 common ring structures formed

Answer 5

furans and pyrans

Question 6

beta vs alpha anomeric sites

Answer 6

-beta sites consist of a configuration where both the hydroxy group of the hemiacetal or the hemiketol are orientated in the same direction
-alpha sites have an anomeric sites where the hydroxy group of the hemiacetal or hemiketol points in opposite directions.

Question 7

how are hemiketols formed?

Answer 7

when a alcohol group attacks the ketol of the same chain

Question 8

what are the three most basic monosaccharides?

Answer 8

-Dihydroxyacetone
-D/L glyceraldehyde

Question 9

what is the ketose hexose that we need to know?

Answer 9

fructose
-has 6 carbons
-ketose
pattern= U,D,D

Question 10

what is ribose?

Answer 10

-aldose
-5carbon sugar
-ribose is repeating; D,D,D

Question 11

what is glucose?

Answer 11

-aldose
-6 carbons
pattern= D,U,D,D

Question 12

what is maNNose

Answer 12

-aldose
-epimer to glucose
-6 carbons
pattern=U,U,D,D

Question 13

what is galactose?

Answer 13

-aldose
-neither an epimer or anomer
-pattern=U,D,D,U

Question 14

what are the three common disac

Answer 14

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Question 15

what is maltose comprised of?

Answer 15

2 glucopyranose sugars
joins and the C1a and C4

-note that this is a reducing sugar

Question 16

what is sucrose comprised of?

Answer 16

1 glucopyransoe and 1 fructofuranose
joint between C1a of glue and C2B (either or)

Question 17

what is lactose comprised of?

Answer 17

1 galactopyranose and 1 glucopyranose
joins at the C1B of gal and C4 of glu

-note this is a reducing sugar

Question 18

what is a reducing sugar

Answer 18

a disac+ that has at least one monosac in its chain with a free anomeric site (not participating in a glycosidic bond

Question 19

What is glycogen

Answer 19

A polymer chain comprise of glucose

Glucose is connection be a1,4 glycosidic bonds

Branches off the main chain occur as a1,6 glocosidc binds, every 10 C or so

Question 20

What is amylose

Answer 20

A homo polymer of glucose between a1,4 glycosidic bonds

This is a linear chain

Question 21

What is amylopectin

Answer 21

A branched homopolyer of glucose. It is comprised in the main chain is made of a1,4 glycosidic bonds with a a1,6 glycosidic bonds every 30 bonds on the main chain