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Ceutics- packet 1 > capsules > Flashcards

capsules Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Capsules

A

Solid dosage form
In shell
She’ll prepared from gelatin, starch, or other
Hard or soft capsules

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2
Q

capsules are used in different forms/ways, they are:

A

Oral
Sprinkle over food
Dry Powder inhalers for inhalation delivery

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3
Q

Partial hydrolysis of collagen from the skin,

connective tissue, and bones of animals

A

Gelatin, USP

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4
Q

____ is stable in air if dry, but subject to microbial

decomposition when moist or in solution

A

Gelatin, USP

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5
Q
  • Insoluble in cold water, but can absorb up to
    10X its weight
  • Soluble in hot water and gastric fluid
A

Gelatin, USP

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6
Q

Hard gelatin capsules: basic gelatin formulation consist of —-, —–, —–

A

Gelatin
Water
Sugar

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7
Q

hard gelatin capsules are a 2 piece design

containing a capsule ____ and shorter cap

A

body

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8
Q

Manufactured by mechanical dipping of

metal pegs into gelatin mixtures

A

Hard Gelatin Capsules (HGC)

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9
Q

Advantages of Hard Gel Capsule (HGC)

A 
Rapid dissolution
Flexibility in formulation
Taste/odor masking
Some protection against light/oxygen
Common in clinical trials
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10
Q

Disadvantages of Hard gel capsules (HGC)

A

Cost
Filling equipment is slower than tableting
Issues with powder blending, power fluidity
Hygroscopic/ deliquescent materials
Rapid release of highly soluble salts
Adhesion to esophagus
Not suitable for strict vegetarians

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11
Q

absorbing or attracting moisture from the air.

A

Hygroscopic

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12
Q

to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air, as certain salts.

A

deliquescent

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13
Q

what are the capsule sizes from large to small

A

000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

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14
Q

Tamper Proofing Methods for hard gel capsule

A

Heat to seal capsule in 1-2 spots

Cracks when pulled apart

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15
Q

3 types of fill for HGC: (3)

A

dry powders, semisolids, and liquid

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16
Q

Dry powders used for filling HGCs are

A 
powders
granules
pellets
tablets
capsules
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17
Q

semisolids used to fill HGCs:

A

thixotropic mixtures
thermosoftening mix
pastes

18
Q

Liquids used to fill HGCs:

A

Oily liquids
Suspensions
Solutions

19
Q

Fill Material Formulation consist of:

Powders and Granules

A 
Active
Filler/diluent 
Disintegrant 
Glidant
Lubricant
Surfactant
20
Q 
Materials Not Suitable for
Capsule Formulation (HGC)
A

Aqueous-based liquids
Deliquescent material
Hygroscopic materials

21
Q

Why can’t the following be used in hard gel capsule formulation?

  • Aqueous-based liquids
  • Deliquescent materials
  • Hygroscopic materials
A

BC gelatin already contains some moisture

Gelatin is able to absorb and release moisture

22
Q

Methods to separate/minimize

chemical incompatibilities

A

Add more diluent
Add absorbent
Put small capsule of one ingredient inside larger capsules with other excipients
Produces granules from one excipients to minimize physical contact

23
Q

Gelatin Capsule vs. HPMC Capsules

A 
Gelatin Cap:
high moisture content
protein derived from animals
chemical stability
BSE concerns
Allergy issues
Microbiological pollution

HPMC Cap:
low moisture
cellulose derived from plants

24
Q
  • Suited for Moisture-Sensitive Formulations
  • Resistant to Cross-linking (i.e. Aldehydes)
  • Accepted for pharmaceutical use in all major global-markets
  • TSE certification not required
  • Non-animal capsule
  • Meets Cultural and Dietary needs
A

HPMC Capsules

25
Q

100% Natural
• Made of Water-Soluble Vegetable derived
polysaccaride produced by fermentation
• Odorless, tasteless & biodegradable
• Impermeable to oxygen transmission
• Starch, Preservative & Glutten free
• Non-GMO

A

Pullulan Capsules

26
Q

Advantages of Liquids in HGC

A

In house development and production
Low oxygen permeability
Enhanced bioavailability
Relatively easy to formulate

27
Q

Disadvantages of liquids in HGC

A

Physical and chemical stability

- possible leaking, requires sealing/banding

28
Q

for Leak Proofing, ____ is used around capsule joint

A

band-sealing

29
Q

Unique dosage form consisting of a high-gloss gelatin coating that
encases a caplet core.

A

Press Fit Capsule

30
Q

Soft Gelatin Capsules (SGC) contain ___ in gelatin

A

plasticizer

31
Q

Soft Gelatin Capsules (SGC) shapes:

A

oblong,
spherical
tube-shaped
elliptical

32
Q

Applications of SGC are:

A

Oral
Rectal/vaginal suppositories
Ophthalmic and Topical
Cosmetics

33
Q

Advantages of SGC

A 
Good uniformity
Rapid release
Good bioavailability 
Taste/odor masking
Overcome problems associated with tableting 
Easy to swallow
Tamper evident
34
Q

Disadvantages of SGC

A
  • Specialized equipment required
  • More intimate contact of fill with shell (compared to hard gelatin capsules)
  • Limited excipient choices
35
Q

Composition of SGC Shell

A 
Gelatin
Plasticizers 
Preservatives
Colorant
Residual moisture : 6-10%
36
Q

Examples of plastisizers (used in SGC shell)

A

glycerin
propylene glycol
sorbitol

37
Q

Liquids Used in Soft Gelatin

Capsules

A

Water immiscible volatile or nonvolatile

Water miscible nonvolatile

38
Q

Requirements to Fill Materials for a SGC

A

Ph 2.5 - 7.5
Low water conc. <5%
Ethanol as cosolvent
Drug chemically stable in water… Not water soluble
Do not use: aldehydes and aqueous emulsions

39
Q

Examples of SGC

A

Vitamin E
Chloral hydrate
Pro cardio capsules
OTC cough/cold/allergy products

40
Q

Hard Gelatin vs. Soft Gelatin

Capsules

A 
Shorter disintegration of HGC
In house manufacturing (lower costs)
Absence of hygroscopic plasticizers
Less drug migration into shell
Multiple fills
41
Q

Suited for moisture sensitive formulations
Resistant to cross linking
Non-animal capsule

A

HPMC capsules

42
Q

This capsule is 100% natural
Water soluble vegetable derived by fermentation
Impermeable to oxygen transmission
Non-GMO

A

Pullulan Capsules

Ceutics- packet 1 (6 decks)

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