Cap4 - Nonharmonic Tones Flashcards
Los 8 tipos de notas no harmónicas y sus abreviaciones
P = Passing tone (Nota de paso)
N = Neighbor tone (Bordadura)
Ch = Changing tones (Cambiata)
Ped = Pedal point (Punto Pedal)
App = Appoggiatura (Apoyatura)
E = Escape tone (Nota de escape)
S = Suspension
A= Anticipation
P = Passing tone (Nota de paso)
A passing tone is a nonharrnonic tone that moves by whole or half step from one harmonic tone to another ( occasionally to another passing tone which then resolves).
N = Neighbor tone (Bordadura)
A neighbor tone (or auxiliary) is a nonharrnonic tone a whole step ora half step above or below a harrnonic tone. lt is approached from the harmonic tone and returns to it.
Ch = Changing tones (Cambiata)
Changing tones, sometimes known as the cambiata figure, are two neighbor tones used in succession.
They may or may not be approached from the harmonic tone of which they are neighbors, but they always proceed to it. Some recent theory texts refer to them as a “neighbor group.”
Ped = Pedal point (Punto Pedal)
A pedal point is a sustained or repeated note, usually on the tonic or dominant pitch, which lasts through two or more harmonies. (Its name stems from its characteristic use in the pedal part of organ mu sic.)
Although it is most often seen in the bottom
voice, it may occur in any voice. lt usually begins and ends as a harmonic note, but may, between these points, be dissonant to the harmony-that is, nonharmonic.
App = Appoggiatura (Apoyatura)
An appoggiatura (“leaning tone”) is a nonhannonic tone approached by leap and resolved stepwise, most often in the direction opposite to the leap. In its characteristic form, it is accented; that is, it occurs either on a strong beat with the resolution following on the next beat, or on the first part of a beat with the resolution taking place on the second half of that beat.
For this reason, some systems of theory employ other labels when the nonharmonic note in such a pattern is unaccented. Of these labels, the most logical seems to be “incomplete neighbor tone” -a neighbor tone approached by leap instead of frorn the harrnonic tone of which it is a neighbor.
The appoggiatura is sometimes written as a small “grace note” In such cases it is played on the beat, and its value is subtracted from the note that follows.
E = Escape tone (Nota de escape)
An escape tone, or échappée, is a nonharrnonic tone which, in its most usual form, is approached from a harmonic tone one scale step below, and which then leaps downward to a harmonic tone; the latter is not necessarily a member of the harmony just heard.
ery rarely, the escape tone is approached from a harmonic tone one scale step above and leaps upward to a harmonic tone.
The escape tone reverses the leap-step relationship
involved in the appoggiatura pattern.
Like the appoggiatura, it might be thought of as a form of incomplete neighbor tone, but this time with the stepwise return to the original harmonic tone missing.
S = Suspension
A suspension is a member of one harmony tied over or repeated as a nonharmonic tone in the next, and normally resolved downward into that harmony.
Suspensions that resolve upward are sometimes called “retardations.”
A= Anticipation
An anticipation is a nonharmonic tone that occurs just in advance of the harmony to which it belongs. lts most frequent position is in cadences.
