Cap. 8 Oncología en cirugía Flashcards
Tumores carcinoides y GIST son los tópicos mas preguntados.
En que fase de la mitosis desaparece el núcleo?
Profase
En que fase de la mitosis ocurre la alineación de los cromosomas?
Metafase
En que fase de la mitosis se separan los cromosomas?
Anafase
En que fase de la mitosis se forman nucreos alrededor del ADN?
Telofase
Nombre de las purinas?
Guanina y adenina
Nombre de las pirimidinas?
Citosina, tiamina y uracilo
Que es la traducción en lo que se refiere al ciclo celular?
Sintesis de proteinas usando un RNAm como plantilla por los ribosomas
Que es la transcripción en lo que se refiere al ciclo celular?
Sintesis de RNAm del ADN plantilla por el RNA polimerasa
En que fase del ciclo celular se hace la sintesis de proteinas y la duplicación de cormosomas?
Fase S
En que fase del ciclo ocurre la mitosis
Fase M
What tumor marker is associated with choriocarcinoma/testicular cancer?
β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What tumor marker is associated with colon cancer?
Carcinoembryonic antigen
What tumor marker is associated with liver cancer?
α-Fetoprotein
What tumor marker is associated with ovarian cancer?
CA-125
What tumor marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?
CA 19-9
What tumor marker is associated with melanoma?
S-100
Chromogranin A is elevated in what adrenal tumor?
Carcinoid tumor
What tumor marker is associated with prostate cancer?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
What tumor marker is associated with neuroblastoma/small cell lung CA?
Neuron-specific enolase
What tumor marker is associated with nonseminomatous testicular cancer?
α-Fetoprotein
What is the term for an increased number of cells?
Hyperplasia
What is the term for replacement of one tissue with another?
Metaplasia
What is the term for altered shape, size, or organization of cells?
Dysplasia
What is the most sensitive stage of the cell cycle for radiation?
M phase
What is the term for human genes with malignant potential?
Proto-oncogenes
What cancer are aflatoxins associated with?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What organism produces aflatoxins?
Aspergillus flavus
What cancer is associated with Schistosoma haematobium?
Urinary bladder cancer
What cancer is associated with Opisthorchis viverrini?
Cholangiocarcinoma
What cancer was associated with chimney sweeps (due to soot)?
Scrotal cancer
What cancer is associated with benzene?
Leukemia
What is the primary cause of skin cancer in humans?
Ultraviolet radiation
How do viruses cause cancer?
Insertion of foreign DNA into the human genome
What is the first phase of chemical carcinogenesis?
Initiation. A carcinogen reacts with DNA irreversibly without enzymatic activity or specificity
What is the second phase in chemical carcinogenesis?
Promotion. Cells that were initiated are then stimulated to develop into cancer cells. This process is slow and reversible
What is the last phase of chemical carcinogenesis?
Progression. This involves the maturation of cancer cells
What cancers are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus?
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma
What viruses are associated with adult T-cell leukemia?
Human immunodeficiency virus and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1
What is the major fuel source for tumor cells?
Glutamine