Cannabis

Question 1

Psychoactive effects due to presence of chemicals
termed

Answer 1

cannabinoids

Question 2

Regulated use suitable for end-of-life care
for symptoms associated with terminal
disease

Answer 2

• Chronic pain
• Anorexia
• Nausea
• Arthritis
• Seizures

Question 3

Medical use

Answer 3

Multiple sclerosis, spinal cord
injury/disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, epilepsy

Question 4

Psychoactive effects - Cannabis contains more than

Answer 4

n 85 psychoactive
cannabinoids, of which two are most prominent.

Question 5

Cannabis contains more than 85 psychoactive
cannabinoids, of which two are most prominent

Answer 5

THC
Cannabidiol

Question 6

THC

Answer 6

the principal psychoactive component
and is responsible for euphoric and antiemetic
effects.

Question 7

Cannabidiol

Answer 7

s 2nd major cannabinoid and is
responsible for relaxation and anxiolytic effects
of cannabis.

Question 8

Cannabinoids are generally thought to be

Answer 8

defensive chemicals to discourage predation

Question 9

Cannabinoids are enriched in

Answer 9

specialized
structures on the flowering bodies known as trichomes

Question 10

Hashish

Answer 10

is produced from
trichomes (kief)

Question 11

Increased cannabinoid content Hash is a

Answer 11

solid
pressed cake of trichomes (50 - 90% THC)

Question 12

Hash oil is an

Answer 12

alcohol extract of trichomes
reduced to a viscous liquid

Question 13

Cannabinoids are typically
administered by

Answer 13

inhalation
(smoking) or orally (e.g. baked
goods)

Question 14

Inhalation

Answer 14

Rapid entry to bloodstream
Recovery of ~20% of THC content

Question 15

Oral administration

Answer 15

Slow, prolonged, but variable uptake
* Much less efficient due to breakdown in GI,
slow absorption, and first-pass metabolism

Question 16

Oral administration results in

Answer 16

n less absorption but prolonged
elevation of THC in blood due to sustained absorption over time.

Question 17

Cannabinoids are

Answer 17

lipid-soluble and cross
the BBB

Question 18

Onset of psychoactive effects is delayed by

Answer 18

5-30 minutes (longer for oral
administration)

Question 19

Rapid uptake into blood paradoxically

Answer 19

does
not lead to rapid uptake into brain

Question 20

THC is metabolized in the

Answer 20

liver by
cytochrome P450 enzymes

Question 21

Primary metabolite is

Answer 21

11- OH-THC, psychoactive

Question 22

Secondary inactive metabolite is

Answer 22

THC-COOH

Question 23

• Half-life of THC is

Answer 23

very long: 20-30 hours

Question 24

Slow elimination is exacerbated by

Answer 24

release
from lipid stores

Question 25

11-OH-THC and THC-COOH are excreted

Answer 25

unmodified in feces

Question 26

Glucuronic acid esters of THC-COOH are also excreted in

Answer 26

urine

Question 27

Due to slow release from lipid stores THC metabolites can be detected for

Answer 27

weeks after a single dose

Question 28

Father of Psychopharmacology

Answer 28

Jacque-Joseph Moreau, 18th ce Psychiatrist

Question 29

Drug effects - Subjective effects (low to moderate doses)

Answer 29

- Initial light-headedness or dizzyness - Euphoria and exhilaration - Calm, relaxed, dreamlike state (‘stoned’)

Question 30

Physiological effects

Answer 30

- Dilation of small blood vessels in eyes and skin - Increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure - Dry mouth – compulsion to drink - Increased appetite

Question 31

Adverse effects

Answer 31

- Anxiety or panic associated with feelings of paranoia - Delirium or hallucinations extremely rare

Question 32

Can precipitate psychosis in

Answer 32

schizophrenia

Question 33

Headaches reported with

Answer 33

increased doses

Question 34

* Intoxication can result in

Answer 34

disordered thinking or speech and inability to remain focused on a topic

Question 35

No effects on

Answer 35

recall of information (previously encoded

Question 36

THC administration may impact (dose dependent)

Answer 36

explicit memory encoding/recall (short-term memory)

Question 37

Previous exposure may decrease

Answer 37

cognitive effects

Question 38

Deficits seen in tasks requiring

Answer 38

sustained attention

Question 39

No decrease in simple reaction time measures BUT

Answer 39

impairs ability to drive

Question 40

Interaction with alcohol

Answer 40

– low dose cannabis use exacerbates the impairment due to alcohol

Question 41

Impairments may relate to attention deficits

Answer 41

impaired ability to attend to peripheral stimuli

Question 42

In animals: IV THC admin results in mixed effects on locomotion - Low doses

Answer 42

mixed stimulant and depressant effects

Question 43

In animals: IV THC admin results in mixed effects on locomotion - high doses

Answer 43

more uniform motor depression – catalepsy (lack of voluntary movement)

Question 44

Administration results in deficits in various learning and memory tasks

Answer 44

Radial arm maze, Morris water maze,

Question 45

Impairment seen with direct intrahippocampal injection of

Answer 45

THC

Question 46

Therapeutic effects

Answer 46

Decreases ocular pressure Antiemetic Orexigenic Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant and antipsychotic Anti-spastic Analgesic Anti-oxidant and neuroprotective

Question 47

Decreases ocular pressure

Answer 47

useful adjunctive therapy for treatment of glaucoma

Question 48

AntiemetiC

Answer 48

promoted as treatment for chemotherapy associated nausea

Question 49

Orexigenic

Answer 49

treatment for disease associated anorexia (cancer, HIV/AIDS)

Question 50

Anxiolytic

Answer 50

therapeutic potential for psychiatric illness

Question 51

Anticonvulsant and antipsychotic

Answer 51

esp. strains high in CBD

Question 52

Anti-spastic –

Answer 52

– treatment for spinal injury / disease (MS, TBI, SCI)

Question 53

* Analgesic

Answer 53

modulation of pain response

Question 54

* Anti-oxidant and neuroprotective

Answer 54

various cannabinoids are antioxidant and neuroprotective against glutamatergic toxicity