Caffeine

Question 1

High absorption from

Answer 1

oral doses

Question 2

Caffeine half life

Answer 2

~ 4 hour

Question 3

caffeine is a

Answer 3

Stimulant and anxiogenic

Question 4

caffeine structure

Answer 4

xanthine alkyloid

Question 5

Caffeine is structurally analogous
to the neuromodulator

Answer 5

adenosine

Question 6

• Related xanthines are
  found in

Answer 6

many plants

Question 7

Behavioural effects of caffeine - In animals caffeine has a

Answer 7

biphasic effect

Question 8

In animals caffeine has a biphasic effect

Answer 8

Increased locomotion at low dose
Decreased locomotion at high dose

Question 9

In blinded studies vs placebo caffeine (in abstinent coffee drinkers)

Answer 9

increased alertness
and decreased tension,
decreased reaction times

Question 10

Therapeutic uses of caffeine - OTC analgesics

Answer 10

• Caffeine has been shown
  effective at treatment for nonmigraine headache

Question 11

Therapeutic uses of caffeine - * Apneic episodes in newborns

Answer 11

Periodic cessation of breathing,
common in premature infants -Principal treatment is caffeine or
theophylline

Question 12

caffeine TOLERANCE

Answer 12

Tolerance develops to some subjective effects of caffeine

Question 13

Acute tolerance allows one to

Answer 13

o fall asleep after a late-night
cup of coffee

Question 14

Physiological and psychological symptoms of
withdrawal

Answer 14

Headache, lethargy, fatigue
Impaired psychomotor performance
Mild anxiety or depression

Question 15

• If abstinent withdrawal may last a

Answer 15

a few days before
dissipating

Question 16

DEPENDENCE

Answer 16

Caffeine can excite the mesolimbic DA pathway but
only at very high doses

Question 17

dependence doses

Answer 17

• 5-10 X above ‘normal’ doses

Question 18

DEPENDENCE is

Answer 18

Well demonstrated but considered relatively harmless

Question 19

Behavioural / psychological dependence (not
pharmacological) plays a significant role in

Answer 19

reinforcing
effects of caffeine

Question 20

Most chronic coffee drinking is to provide

Answer 20

relief of
withdrawal

Question 21

Withdrawal from caffeine
induces

Answer 21

transient
subjective effects

Question 22

caffeine - placebo - caffeine (headache)

Answer 22

reduced headache in caffeine - increased headache immediately after during placebo phase reduced after 2 days - reduced headache during caffeine

Question 23

caffeine - placebo - caffeine (concentration)

Answer 23

high levels of concentration - initial decline following by increase - further increase

Question 24

caffeine - placebo - caffeine (lethargy)

Answer 24

low levels of lethargy - initial increase followed by decrease - further decrease

Question 25

caffeine - placebo - caffeine (energy)

Answer 25

increased energy - initial decrease followed by increase - increased energy

Question 26

Biochemical effects - Caffeine acts at many sites in the CNS including

Answer 26

GABAA receptors and eliciting Ca2+ -release within cells

Question 27

Caffeine acts at many sites in the CNS including GABAA receptors and eliciting Ca2+ -release within cells, but most likely exerts stimulant effects by

Answer 27

antagonising adenosine receptors.

Question 28

Adenosine is elevated in the cat brain after periods of long

Answer 28

wakefulness (sleep deprivation) and is suggested to signal increased sleep pressure

Question 29

Blockade of adenosine receptors reduces

Answer 29

drowsiness.

Question 30

Adenosine

Answer 30

Among other roles, adenosine provides inhibitory input to ascending arousal systems

Question 31

Adenosine Inhibitory at multiple sites in the

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

Adenosine Inhibitory at multiple sites in the hypothalamus

Answer 32

* Suprachiasmic nuclei (SCN) * Lateral hypothalamus (LHA) * Preoptic areas (MnPO, VLPO)

Question 33

Adenosine release inhibits

Answer 33

arousal and increases sleep pressure