Canine Top 20 Diseases - Part 4 Flashcards
what is the classic case presentation of a dog with pancreatitis?
can be acute, chronic, or subclinical
history of dietary indiscretion/high-fat diet/blunt abdominal trauma
vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness/dehydration
med history of KBr, azathioprine, l-asparaginase, phenobarbital, & thiazide diuretics
what dog breed is over-represented by pancreatitis?
mini schnauzers
how is pancreatitis in a dog diagnosed?
snap cPL test (very sensitive)
if positive, confirm with spec cPLI test (highly specific for both acute & chronic pancreatitis)
what is seen on abdominal ultrasound of a dog with pancreatitis?
enlarged hypoechoic pancreas
hyperechoic peri-pancreatic fat
fluid around the pancreas
T/F: 4-5X elevation of lipase & amylase are only suggestive towards a diagnosis of pancreatitis (only 50% sensitivity/specificity)
true
how is pancreatitis treated?
aggressive fluid therapy with appropriate additives based on lab work
pain meds - opioids or lidocaine CRI, anti nausea meds, enteral nutrition support
T/F: antibiotics should be avoided if possible when treating a dog for pancreatitis
true
what does the prognosis of pancreatitis depend on? what are negative prognostic factors?
depends on the severity of disease
multiple organ failure, acidosis, hypocalcemia, peritonitis, & DIC
T/F: corticosteroids are considered to be a cause of pancreatitis
false - used to be, but no longer contraindicated
what is the classic case presentation of kennel cough?
exposure to or housed with large numbers of other animals
acute onset non-productive cough that may end in a retch
what is the etiology that causes kennel cough?
viruses - canine parainfluenza, canine influenza, canine adenovirus-2, & sometimes distemper
b. bronchiseptica
mycoplasma
how is kennel cough diagnosed?
history/clinical signs are strongly suggestive
bacterial culture or PCR of bordetella bronchiseptica from nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, TTW, or BAL
thoracic rads - signs of bronchopneumonia if severe
if there is no secondary pneumonia, how long will it take for kennel cough to resolve?
7-10 days
what is the recommended treatment for kennel cough?
cough suppressants for persistent dry cough - hydrocodone or torb
for bronchopneumonia - antibiotics, nebulization with sterile saline +/- gentamicin, iv fluids, & oxygen therapy
how is kennel cough prevented?
vaccination - modified live combo or intranasal can reduce infection rate/severity
T/F: kennel cough is highly contagious, so if an animal needs to be hospitalized for treatment, it needs to be quarantined
true
what is the classic case presentation of megaesophagus?
regurgitation, coughing/drooling, weight loss, weakness (if due to MG, polyneuropathy, or polymyopathy), & +/- signs of pneumonia
how is megaesophagus diagnosed?
thoracic rads - air-filled dilated esophagus +/- secondary aspiration pneumonia best seen on the VD view
test for underlying conditions - MG, ACTH stim for addison’s, free T4 for hypothyroid
how is megaesophagus treated?
treat the underlying condition & aspiration pneumonia
upright feeding with gruel or meatballs
cisapride - aid in gastric emptying to reduce esophageal reflux
proton pump inhibitors - help decrease gastric reflux
what breeds are predisposed to congenital megaesophagus?
german shepherds, mini schnauzers, & fox terriers
what cardiac abnormality should be ruled out in a puppy with megaesophagus?
vascular ring anomaly
what are 2 drugs that can temporarily cause megaesophagus?
ketamine & xylazine
T/F: most dogs with megaesophagus usually die secondarily due to aspiration pneumonia
true
what is the classic case presentation of osteosarcoma?
large or giant breed dogs with a bimodal age incidence (1.5-2 years & 7-9 years)
chronic, progressive lameness or acute if there is a pathologic fracture & a cough if pulmonary mets are present
