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Zuku Top 20s > Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 > Flashcards

Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a selenium deficiency?

A

stiffness, tetany, cows under 1 year old with acute recumbency, stiff gait, & heart failure & adult cows - with retained placentas, anestrus, & cystic ovaries

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a magnesium deficiency?

A

adult cows, recently fresh, multiparous cow with recumbency, hyperesthesia, stiffness, hypertonicity, & sudden death

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3
Q

how is selenium deficiency diagnosed in a cow?

A

blood selenium levels < 0.05ppm & increased serum CK/AST/LDH

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4
Q

how is magnesium deficiency diagnosed in a cow?

A

serum magnesium < 1.5mg/dl

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5
Q

how is selenium deficiency in a cow treated?

A

give selenium, supportive care with slings, vitamin e, oxygen, & diuretics if heart failure

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6
Q

how is magnesium deficiency in a cow treated?

A

give magnesium & calcium after sedation with diazepam or else you can cause a fatal seizure

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7
Q

what is the prognosis for selenium deficiency in a cow? what about magnesium deficiency?

A

selenium - fair to good & magnesium - guarded to poor

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8
Q

magnesium deficiency is more common in what cows?

A

lactating cows on lush/potassium rich pastures with recent environmental changes

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9
Q

T/F: treatment for selenium deficiency doesn’t make necrotic muscles recover but just prevents further damage

A

TRUE

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10
Q

how is mastitis divided into categories in cows?

A

acute (high mortality), chronic (low mortality), contagious, environmental, & infectious

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11
Q

what is the classic case presentation of acute mastitis in cows?

A

serous to serosanguinous milk, diarrhea, obtunded, tachycardic, & febrile

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12
Q

what is the classic case presentation of chronic mastitis in cows?

A

swollen, firm, hot udder, discolored/flaky/watery milk, & few systemic signs

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13
Q

what are the most common bacterial etiologies that cause mastitis in cows?

A

strep, staph, & coliform bacterias

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14
Q

how is mastitis diagnosed in an individual cow?

A

udder palpates abnormally hard/abscessed, california mastitis test with a high somatic cell count, & milk culture

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15
Q

how is mastitis diagnosed on a herd level?

A

run a somatic cell count (> 750,000 indicates mastitis)

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16
Q

T/F: when treating mastitis, there are different treatments indicated for dry cows vs lactating cows, so withdrawal times need to be watched

A

TRUE

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17
Q

how do you make sure intramammary antibiotics for mastitis are used correctly for dry vs lactating cows?

A

the antibiotics will have different colored tips

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18
Q

what is the prognosis of mastitis caused by streptococci? what about staphylococcus?

A

strep - excellent, staph - variable

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19
Q

what is the difference between route of infection for environmental pathogens & infectious pathogens causing mastitis?

A

environmental - infects udder between milkings, infectious - infects udder during milking

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20
Q

what is stage I of milk fever? what is stage II of milk fever?

A

stage I - hyperexcitability, ataxia, & aggressive down cow, stage II - listless, fully down, & hypothermic cow

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21
Q

what are signs of a positive response to treatment of a stage II milk fever cow?

A

mascle fasciculations, belching, restlessness, urination, heart slows, & pulse strength improves

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22
Q

how is milk fever diagnosed?

A

clinical presentation - down, weak cow that has recently calved or is about to calve is usually diagnostic, total blood calcium < 8.0mg/dl, & ionized blood calcium < 4.5mg/dl

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23
Q

what treatment is used for stage I milk fever?

A

oral calcium salts

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24
Q

what treatment is used for stage II milk fever?

A

IV calcium in water, stop infusion if the pulse gets weak or the cow begins to pant

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25
what treatment is used for refractory milk fever?
float cow in water tank if refractory
26
what is the prognosis for milk fever?
good to excellent if there are no concurrent disorders
27
what diets predispose a cow to milk fever?
diets high in potassium & low in anionic ions
28
what part of the diet influences the incidence of milk fever in dry cows?
pre-partum dry cow rations
29
what cows are most often affected by milk fever?
multiparous mature dairy or beef cow
30
what is the classic case presentation of enzootic calf pneumonia?
thin, weaned calf with a good appetite, tachypnea, cough, & crackles/wheezes heard on lung auscultation with harsh sounds & no cranioventral sounds
31
what is the classic case presentation of shipping fever?
any age cow recently shipped or stressed with tachypnea, soft cough, sepsis, & crackles/wheezes on lung auscultation with harsh sounds & no cranioventral sounds
32
what are common bacterial isolates from enzootic calf pneumonia?
pasteurella multocida type a, mannheimia haemolytica, & mycoplasma bovis
33
what are common bacterial isolates from shipping fever?
most often mannheimia haemolytica, but can have pasteurella multocida or histophilus somni
34
how is bovine respiratory disease complex (enzootic calf pneumonia/shipping fever) diagnosed?
tracheal aspirate, pharyngeal swab, culture/cytology, ultrasound/rads of thorax, & pleurocentesis
35
how is bovine respiratory disease complex treated?
appropriate legal use of antibiotics & anti-inflammatories
36
T/F: there is a worse prognosis for bovine respiratory disease complex if there is a concurrent BVD infection
TRUE
37
what prevention is used for bovine respiratory disease complex?
vaccinations against BVD, clostridial diseases, parainfluenza-3, & pasteurella multocida
38
T/F: most calves affected with enzootic pneumonia or shipping fever recover but will have a delayed time to maturity
TRUE
39
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition black disease?
icterus
40
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition black leg?
swollen limb with crepitus & lameness
41
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition bacillary hemoglobinuria?
red water, icterus, hemoglobinuria, concurrent liver flukes
42
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition gas gangrene?
malodorous wound with crepitus
43
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition enterotoxemia?
bloat, colic
44
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition malignant edema?
necrotic fasciitis, lameness
45
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
multiparous dairy cow in peak production with blackberry jam feces & colic
46
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition botulism?
recumbency, weak tongue, tails, eyelids, jaw, & anus
47
what clinical signs are seen with the clostridial condition tetanus?
stiffness, bilateral prolapsed nictitans, recent metritis, or wound
48
what is the etiology of black disease?
c. novyi type b
49
what is the etiology of black leg?
c. chauvoei
50
what is the etiology of bacillary hemoglobinuria?
c. haemolyticum
51
what is the etiology of gas gangrene?
many but especially c. perfringens
52
what is the etiology of enterotoxemia?
c. perfringens type d
53
what is the etiology of malignant edema?
c. septicum
54
what is the etiology of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
c. perfringens type a with b-2 toxin
55
what is the etiology of botulism?
c. botulinum
56
what is the etiology of tetanus?
c. tetani
57
how are clostridial conditions diagnosed?
aspiration or tissue collection for anaerobic culture, toxin analysis, PCR, or fluorescent antibody testing
58
what is the prognosis for clostridial diseases in cattle?
poor to grave due to rapid disease progression (inversely related to survival rate)
59
T/F: clostridium species are common contaminants of ruminant digestive tracts & soil
TRUE
60
what is required for clostridial growth?
necrotic tissue!!! they are anaerobes!!!
61
how are clostridial diseases prevented in cattle?
vaccinations using the 6 way clostridial bacterin/toxoid
62
how are clostridial disease treated?
when applicable - wound debridement, local antitoxin injection, & systemic antimicrobials

Zuku Top 20s (21 decks)

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