Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 4 Flashcards
what is the classic case presentation of listeriosis in a cow?
weaned-to-adult silage fed cow with an acute onset of pyrexia, depression, anorexia, & unilateral neurological signs such as propulsive circling, proprioceptive deficits, unilateral tongue weakness, facial nerve paralysis, ear droop, head tilt, nystagmus, strabismus, & drooling
how is listriosis in a cow diagnosed?
increased mononuclear cells & high protein on CSF tap & a culture showing l. monocytogenes in food or brain tissue
how is listeriosis in a cow treated?
IV tetracycline, supportive care with tube feeding, oral rehydration, & electrolyte supplementation (potassium & bicarbonate lost in saliva)
what is the prognosis of a cow with listeriosis?
fair to good if the patient is ambulatory at the onset of signs, but poor if the patient is recumbent at onset
where does l. monocytogenes grow in the environment?
grows in rotting vegetation with a high pH
what is the pathogenesis of listeriosis?
ascends up the facial nerve to the brainstem - animal also becomes bacteremic
why is listeriosis zoonotic?
contaminates the milk
what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a retained placenta?
happens if not passed by 12 hours post partum, may see decomposing placenta hanging from vulva with a foul smell, & a delayed return to estrus
what is the classic case presentation of a cow with metritis?
happens 3 days to 2 weeks post partum - large, fluid-filled uterus palpable per rectum, purulent malodorous discharge from the vulva that is matted on the tail, & shortened estrous cycles
what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a pyometra?
similar to metritis, but no estrous cycles or follicular waves occur!!
what are the big bacterial etiologies of metritis in a cow?
brucellosis, leptospirosis, campylobacter spp., & trichomoniasis
how is a retained placenta diagnosed?
you can see it
how is metritis & pyometra in a cow diagnosed?
palpation per rectum - may feel enlarged, fluid-filled uterus & may have a retained corpus luteum with pyometra
how is a retained placenta treated?
manual removal is potentially harmful!!! trim excess tissue for hygiene, cows expel the membranes in 2-11 days without treatment, & intrauterine antimicrobials are usually not helpful
how is metritis treated in a cow?
prostaglandins, if cow is septic, systemic antibiotics, NSAIDS, & IV fluids
how is pyometra in a cow treated?
none, cull it
what is the prognosis of a cow with a retained placenta? metritis? pyometra?
retained placenta & metritis - good to excellent, poor for pyometra
how does metritis & retained placentas affected reproductive efficiency in cows?
increases calving intervals & number of inseminations required for conception
how are metritis & retained placentas prevented in cattle?
good dry cow management
what is the classic case presentation of a cow with uterine prolapse?
multiparous cow or first-calf beef heifer within hours of calving at most - one or both uterine horns everted from vagina/vulva, caruncles & often retained placenta are visible, & +/- hypotensive, hemorrhagic shock, & milk fever
how is a uterine prolapse diagnosed in a cow?
usually evident on physical exam - labwork done for IV fluid plan to assess serum ionized calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, PCV, & total protein
how is a uterine prolapse in a cow treated?
physically difficult - address shock, cleanse uterus, give epidural, push uterine tip up & in working between bouts of straining, & once replaced, fill uterus with clean warm water & siphon it out or fully evert tips using disinfected bottle or plastic baseball bat
what is the prognosis for cows with a uterine prolapse?
good to excellent for mature heifers, but poor for first-calf beef heifers
T/F: properly replaced uterine prolapses don’t recur or only recur infrequently
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