Cancer Genetics Flashcards
Cancer cells are ____, meaning they look and behave more like what type of cells?
they are dedifferentiated and look more like primordial cells
T/F cancer cells have a lower proliferation rate than normal cells
FALSE
T/F benign tumors are noncancerous, usually well encapsulated, and don’t invade neighboring cells
TRUE
what is metastasis
when a malignant tumor travels to and invades new locations and forms new tumors
what are tumor suppression genes
normal genes that function at cell cycle checkpoints to pause until conditions are right to continue
mutations in what gene occur early in certain leukemias, and create a product that helps methylate chromatin for gene silencing
DNMT3A
what is CML caused by
new mutation in reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 20
what genes are linked to increased susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers(name at least 1)
BRCA1 and BRCA2
what is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer cells
TP53
two types of benign tumors
and two types of cancerous/malignant tumors
Benign: hyperplasia and dysplasia
Cancerous: neoplasia and metastasis
what are proto-oncogenes?
how do they relate to oncogenes
normal genes that stimulate cell division and growth.
mutated forms that overstimulate normal functions are oncogenes
what genes lead to DNA methylation
DNMT3A
TET2
IDH
what percent of cancers can be identified as hereditary
5-10%
