Transmission Genetics Flashcards
how did Ockham’s razor apply to Mendel’s work
it agreed with the idea simpler was better and created maxim “entities must not be multiplied without necessity”
5 features critical in Mendelian experiments
-controlled crosses
-begin with pure-breeding(homozygous) strains
-selection of dichotomous traits
-quantification of results
-used replicate, reciprocal, and test crosses
replicate cross definition
repeating the same cross multiple times
reciprocal cross definition
same genotypes crossed but sexes of the parents are reversed
test crosses
designed to determine the unknown genotype of an organism(cross a known with an unknown)
cytoplasmic transmission genetics are found where
mitochondria(animals)
chloroplasts(plants)
rules of mendelian inheritance
-each parent contributes an allele
-if genotype of both parents is known you can estimate genotype of and phenotype of offspring
what is the blending theory of inheritance? how did Mendel’s work reject it?
it viewed traits of offspring as an intermediate mixture of the parental traits. Mendel’s work showed phenotypes remained the same through generations and proposed the theory of particulate inheritance
what is used to determine the genotype of a an individual with the dominant phenotype
test cross: the phenotype of the offspring will reveal parental genotype. If all offspring show dominant trait then parent is homozygous dominant, if any offspring show recessive trait then parent was heterozygous
what is the ideal phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross
9:3:3:1
DD:dD:Dd:dd
what concept was revealed through dihybrid crosses
law of independent assortment(one gene is independent of a second gene)
what is the result of a dihybrid test cross
1:1:1:1 phenotypic ratio
product rule definition
finding the probability of 2 or more independent all occuring events by multiplying their individual probabilities
sum rule definition
the probability of either of 2 mutually exclusive events occurring through adding their individual probabilities
conditional probability definition
questions asked after a cross when applied information about the outcome modifies the probability calculation
binomial theorem definition
calculate the probability of a specific set of outcomes among a large number of potential events
what is true of an experiment if the P value is less than 0.05
the result is statistically significant/reject chance hypotheses
(results are not due to coincidence)
proband definition
the first person who came to the attention of genticists
locus definition
fixed location of a gene on a chromosome
what would be the genotype of the female offspring between a colorblind woman and a normal man
XDXd
hemizygous definition
having only one copy of a gene
EX. males for X linked traits
what chromosome is autosomal colorblindness found on
chromosome 7
how are Y linked traits inherited
passed on from affected father to all sons but no daughters
how are cytoplasmic traits inherited
affected mother will have all affected children, an affected father can not pass it on
what percentage of males in the US are colorblind
8%
what autosomal dominant disease is Abraham Lincoln theorized to have had
marfan syndrome
weakend and enlarged aorta, most individuals are tall, thin, and have long fingers
what is the mode of inheritance of CSK/pannus
autosomal dominant
what does OMIM/OMIA stand for
OMIM-online mendelian inheritance in man
AMIA-online mendelian inheritance in animals
