Cancer and tumors Flashcards
Sarcoma
Malignant tumor from mesenchymal cells
Carcinoma
Malignant tumor from epithelial cells
Blastoma
Malignant tumor from precursor (blast) cells - more common in children
Benign tumor
Naming: cell origin + -oma (fibroma, chondroma etc.)
Adenoma
Benign tumor of gland forming cells
- Hepatocellular adenoma
- Renal tubular adenoma
Neoplasm
Google: “tumor”: Any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. Neoplasms may be benign or malignant.
Tumors of epithelial origin
1) Stratified squamous
2) Transitional epithelium
3) Basal cells of skin
1) Benign: squamous cell papilloma
Malignant: squamous cell carcinoma
2) Benign: Transitional cell papilloma
Malignant: Transitional cell carcinoma
3) Benign: X
Malignant: Basal cell carcinoma
Tumors of epithelial origin
4) Lining of ducts/glands
5) Respiratory passages
6) Renal epithelium
4) Benign: adenoma, carcinoma(?), cystadenoma
Malignant: adenocarcinoma, papillary carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma
5) Benign: bronchial adenoma
Malignant: bronchogenic carcinoma
6) Benign: renal tubular adenoma
Malignant: renal tubular carcinoma
Tumors of epithelial origin
7) Liver cells
8) Urinary tract
9) Placenta (chorionic epithelium)
10) Neuroectoderm
7) Benign: Hepatocellular adenoma
Malignant: Hepatocellular carcinoma
8) Benign: Urothelial papilloma
Malignant: Urothelial carcinoma
9) Benign: Hydatifiform mole
Malignant: Choriocarcinoma
10) Benign: Naevus
Malignant: Melanoma (melanocarcinoma) - føflekk-kreft
Tumors of mesenchymal origin
1) Adult fibrous tissue
2) Adipose tissue
3) Bone
4) Cartilage
1) Benign: Fibroma
Malignant: Fibrosarcoma
2) Benign: Lipoma
Malignant: Liposarcoma
3) Benign: Osteoma
Malignant: Osteogenic sarcoma
4) Benign: Chondroma
Malignant: Chondrosarcoma
Tumors of mesenchymal origin
5) Embryonic fibrous tissue
6) Synovium
7) Meninges
8) Nerve sheets
9) Blood
5) Benign: Myxoma
Malignant: Myxosarcoma
6) Benign: Benign synovioma
Malignant: Synovial sarcoma
7) Benign: Meningioma
Malignant: Invasive meningioma
8) Benign: Neurilemmoma, neurofibroma
Malignant: Neurogenic sarcoma
9) Benign: X
Malignant: Leukemias, lymphomas
Tumors of mesenchymal origin
10) Muscle
11) Lymphoid tissue
12) Endothelial and related tissues
10) Benign: Leioma (smooth), rhabdomyoma (stratified)
Malignant: Leiomyosarcoma (smooth), rhabdomyosarcoma (stratified)
11) Benign: Pseudolymphoma
Malignant: Malignant lymphomas
12) Benign: Hemangioma (blood vessel), lymphangioma (lymphatics)
Malignant: Angiosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma
Mixed tumors
1) Salivary glands
1) Benign: Pleiomorphic adenoma
Malignant: Malignant mixed tumor of salivary glands
Teratoma
Germ line cell tumor
Bening: Mature teratoma, dermoid cyst
Malignant: Immature teratoma, teratocarcinoma
Tumor of apex of lung
Pancoast tumor
Primary tumors that metastatize to brain
1) Lung
2) Breast
3) Melanoma
4) Colon (rectocolic?)
5) Kidney
Første 5 er de viktigste, men Petra nevnte 7 i timen
6) Prostate
7)
Anaplasia
1) Loss of differentiation
2) Pleiomorphism
3) Block of maturation
4) Abnormal nucleus morphism
5) Loss of polarity
6) Loss of functional capacity
* Can be in malignant or borderline tumors
