1. Necrosis, apoptosis Flashcards
Types of necrosis
- Coagulative (anemic or hemorrhagic)
- Liquefactive
- Gangrene (sicca, humida, gas)
- Caseous
- Fat
- Fibrinoid (not real necrosis)
Organs of coagulative necrosis
- Kidney
- Heart
- Adrenal glands
- Liver
- Spleen
Diff. Coagulative vs liquefactive necrosis
- Coagulative: enzymes denatured
- Liquefactive: enzymes active
Types of coag. Necrosis
1) Anemic-coagulative (white infarcts)
2) Hemorrhagic-coagulative (red infarcts)
- Due to arterial or venous occlusion
- Dual blood supply (GI, brain, lung, testicular torsion, spleen-not dual?)
Etiology gangren humida
Venous blockage
Location caseous necrosis
- Lungs
- Hilar lymph nodes
- Kidneys
Morphology caseous necrosis
- No cell outlines
- Soft tissue, no architecture
- Coagulation of proteins
- Acellular pink area surrounded by grnulomatous inflam. cells (macrophages + giant Langhans cells)
- White and friable (like clumped cheese)
Location liquefactive necrosis
- Brain + CNS
- Lung
- Heart
- Gangrena humida (moist tissues)
- Gas gangrene
- Caseous necrosis (lung, hilar lymph nodes, kidneys)
AMI definition
Necrosis of myocardium as a direct result of myocardial ischemia
White infarction
- Anemic
- Heart, kidney, spleen
- Due to arterial occlusion
Red infarction
- Hemorrhagic
- Brain, lung, GI, testicular torsion, spleen
- Due to venous occlusion or collateral blood supply
Biological markers MI
1) Myoglobin (not tested anymore)
2) Troponin (I and T)
- Rise 2-4 hrs after, peak at 24 hrs, norm in 7-10 days
3) Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
- Rise 4-6 hrs after, peak at 24-48 hrs, norm in 72 hrs
4) Lactate dehydrogenase
Events that cause irreversibility
1) Influx of calcium
2) Inability to correct mitochondrial dysfunction
3) Disturbance of membrane function
4) Hypoxia
5) Trauma
6) Genetic mutations
7) Inflammation
8) Nutritional decrease/increase
Major forms of degenerative process of cells
1) Pyrenchymatous degeneration (cloudy degeneration)
2) Steatosis (fatty degeneration)
