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6200 Adult /Older Adult II > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of Cancer development?

A

Initiation, promotion and progression

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2
Q

Risk factors for Veterans during the Cold War?

A

Herbicides

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3
Q

Risk factors for Veterans during WWII, Korea, Vietnam and Gulf wars?

A

radiation, chemicals and paints

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4
Q

Risk factors for Veterans during the Vietnam?

A

radiation, chemicals and paints, herbicides, agent orange

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5
Q

What is the TNM classification for cancer?

A
  • Tumor size or invasiveness
  • Nodes, spread to regional lymph nodes
  • Metastasis to distant organ sites
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6
Q

What does IS in tumor classification stand for and mean?

A
  • In Situ

- has not spread

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7
Q

What are the early warning sings of cancer?

A

(CAUTION)

  • Change in bowel or bladder habits
  • A sore that doesn’t heal
  • Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice
  • Thickening or a lump in breast or elsewhere
  • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
  • Obvious change in a wart or mole
  • Nagging cough or hoarseness
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8
Q

What are the goals of cancer tx?

A

cure, control or palliative

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9
Q

What precautions should the nurse implement in the care of a patient undergoing Brachytherapy for cancer and why?

A
  • limit time with the patient, maintain distance, shielding

- because the patient will be emitting low levels of radioactivity

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10
Q

Types of Radiation Therapy?

A
  • External radiation or teletherapy
    • Radiation Therapy
    • Gamma Knife
  • Internal radiation –
    • brachytherapy uses implanted seeds or ribbons
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11
Q

What is the preferred method of administration for chemotherapy and what is the process of administration?

A
  • thru a central line with the use of a huber needle

- saline, administer, saline, heparin (if ordered)

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12
Q

Common Side Effects of Chemotherapy?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Fatigue
  • GI Effects
  • Skin Reactions
  • Pulmonary & Cardiovascular
  • Nervous System & Cognitive
  • Genitourinary Tract issues
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13
Q

Tx for Neutropenia?

A
  • Monitor WBC, especially neutrophils
  • May delay chemotherapy
  • Administer Neupogen
  • Teach : s/s of infection (low-grade fever) and neutropenic emergency
  • Prevent infection: flowers, low mircrobial diet
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14
Q

What are the signs of a neutropenic emergency?

A

≥ 100.4 °F, neutrophil count <500/µL

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15
Q

Chemo GI Effects - Teaching for Stomatitis, Mucositis, Esophagitis?

A
  • Assess mucosa daily
  • Avoid hot/spicy foods
  • Good oral hygiene
  • Topical anesthetics
  • Artificial saliva
  • Saline rinses, soft toothbrush
  • Avoid tobacco/alcohol
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16
Q

Chemo GI Effects - Teaching: N/V

A
  • Eat/drink when no nausea
  • Small frequent meals
  • Antiemetics before chemo and regularly
  • Distraction techniques
  • Fluids between meals
  • Oral analgesic prior to meals
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17
Q

Chemo GI Effects - Teaching for Anorexia?

A
  • Monitor weight
  • Small high protein, high calorie meals
  • Serve food in a pleasant environment
18
Q

Chemo GI Effects - Teaching for Diarrhea

A
  • Antidiarrheals
  • low-fiber, low residue diet
  • 3L of fluid /day
19
Q

Chemo GI Effects - Teaching for Constipation

A
  • Stool softeners
  • High fiber diet
  • ↑ fluids
20
Q

When does alopecia usually occur with chemo?

A

1st 4-6 wks

21
Q

What to assess for with pulmonary complications of chemo?

A
  • Dry hacking cough
  • Fever
  • Exertional dyspnea
22
Q

What to assess for with cardiotoxicity complications of chemo?

A
  • ECG

- ejection fraction

23
Q

What to assess for with Pericarditis/Myocarditis

complications of chemo?

A

dyspnea

24
Q

How to treat CNS edema r/t to ICP caused by chemo?

A
  • monitor neuro status

- administer corticosteroids

25
Q

How to treat peripheral neuropathty r/t to ICP caused by chemo?

A

neurontin

26
Q

Genitourinary Tract - Teaching for Hemorrhagic Cystitis?

A

↑ fluid intake

27
Q

Genitourinary Tract - Teaching for Reproductive Dysfunction?

A
  • Possible sterility

- Sperm/Ova banking

28
Q

Genitourinary Tract - Teaching for Nephrotoxicity?

A
  • Monitor BUN/Creat

- Avoid nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDS, Antibiotics)

29
Q

Side effects of Immuno and targeted therapy for cancer?

A

Flu-like symptoms, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, neurologic symptoms, skin rashes

30
Q

At what temp should the cancer patient contact the MD?

A

> 100.5 F

31
Q

Diet for the chemo patient?

A
  • high cal, high protein foods

- nutritional supplements

32
Q

S/S of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and Tx?

A

S/S:Facial edema, Distended neck veins, HA, seizure

TX: Radiation

33
Q

Causes of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Lung and breast tumors, and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

34
Q

S/S of Spinal Cord Compression and Tx?

A

S/S: Back pain, change in bowel and bladder function

TX: Radiation and corticosteroids

35
Q

Tumor locations that can cause spinal cord compression?

A

Breast, lung, prostate, GI, and renal tumors

36
Q

S/S and Tx of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)?

A

S/S: Weight gain without edema, weakness, anorexia, n/v

TX: Fluid restriction, 3% NS infusion

37
Q

Cancer Cause(s) of SIADH?

A

lung cancer

38
Q

S/S of Cardiac Tamponade?

A

S/S: heavy chest, dyspnea, tachycardia and cough

TX: emergency fluid removal

39
Q

Psychoneurological symptom cluster seen in chemo/cancer patients?

A

Depressive symptoms, cognitive disturbance, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain

40
Q

Solari-Twadell’s Pinwheel Model of Bereavement emphasizes what?

A

that grief is cyclical

6200 Adult /Older Adult II (17 decks)

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