Burns Flashcards
What is the Parkland formula for fluid replacement for a burn victim?
- TBSA burned (%) x Wt (kg) x 4 mL
- give 1/2 in 1st 8 hrs, then rest over next 16 hrs
Prehospital care for a small thermal (heat) burn?
cover with clean, cool, dampened towel
Why does renal damage occur in a burn victim?
myoglobin released from muscle destruction goes to kidneys and causes blockage
Topical antimicrobial agents used to treat burns?
- silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)
- Mafenide acetate (sulfamylon)
Side effects of silvadene?
- rash & itching
- systemic: leukopenia, interstitial nephritis
Side effects of sulfamylon?
- local pain & rash
- systemic: bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis
Why are systemic antimicrobial agents not used to treat burn victims?
have poor circulation
Types of burns?
thermal (heat/cold), chemical, electrical, inhalation
What are the caloric needs for a burn victim?
5000k kcal/day
Nutrition management for a burn victim?
- high kcal (5000k/day), high protein, high carb
- early continuous feeding, with feeding tube in duodenum
- daily wts
- prophylactic ulcer tx
When does the acute phase of a burn injury begin?
48-72 hrs post injury
Causes of Hyponatremia in a burn victim?
- prolonged hydrotherapy
- excessive GI drainage
- dilutional - fluid pulled into vascular system
Causes of hyperkalemia in a burn victim?
- renal failure
- adrenocortical insufficiency
- massive deep muscle injury
Causes of hypokalemia in a burn victim?
- lengthy hydrotherapy
- vomitting, diarrhea
- GI suction and IV therapy without K supplementation
Burns: acute phase complications?
- infection (partial can become full thickness)
- CV 7& pulmonary
- decrease ROM and contractures
- paralytic ileus and ulcer
- Initially: increased glucose
