cancer Flashcards
What is genetic testing?
Its any test that is capable of identifying changes in DNA
Genetic testing utilizes what types of samples?
spit and blood
Why do people get genetic testing?
To see if there are any genetic conditions that they need to prepare for, to see if they inherited a genetic disease, to diagnose a genetic disease, and create a treatment plan
Is genetic testing on a singular gene or the whole genome?
both
True or false. Creating a pedigree is done before getting genetic testing
true
What do genetic counselors do?
They use information from pedigrees and recognize patterns of inheritance and decide which individuals benefit form genetic testing.
What do pedigree’s show?
The relationship between individuals and affected family members.
What is hereditary colon cancer?
(HNPCC) It is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and its 5%of all diagnose colon cancers.
What causes HNPCC?
One of 4 mutated caretaker or mismatch repair genes. (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). it is a recessive disease
What is a caretaker gene?
They scan the genome to help repair DNA mutations
Does inheriting one of the mutated genes guarantee your get HNPCC?
no only 80% chance and occurs when both parents have the mutated gene.
True or false. cancer can start in most cell types
true
True or false. cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death behind heart disease
true
What is the colon?
It is the main part of the large instesitnes responsible from removing water and electrolytes from food and storing waste until it passes out the body.
What percent of cancers are genetically inherited?
5%
What is cancer in the rectum?
rectal cancer
What is cancer in the colon
colon cancer
What is the cancer in both the colon and rectal regions?
Colorectal cancer
Doctors used to observe cells from what compared to know testing gene activity
fecal samples
What is gel electrophoresis?
It is a method of separating DNA, RNA, and proteins by size and charge.
What molecules move faster in the gel?
More negative molecules move faster
What molecules move easier in the gel?
Smaller molecules move and quickly than larger ones
Banding seen on gels is a result of what?
restriction enzymes
What are bacteriophages?
They are viruses specialized for infecting bacteria by injecting their DNA into the bacteria’s cytoplasm.
Why does bacteria produce restriction enzymes?
To recognize and cleave viral DNA
What do restriction enzymes normally recognize?
palindromes which accounts for differences in weight if sample load to gels.
The electric current of the gel will run what way?
From negative to positive
Can you put your hand in the buffer when the gel is running?
NO
True or false. The gel can be placed or cast in the apparatus
What do we use for serial dilutions?
C1V1=C2V2
C = concentration
V = volume
