Cancer

Question 1

Tumor suppressor gene: Halts cell cycle when DNA is damaged or cell is inured

Answer 1

P53

Question 2

inhibits the expression of p21

Answer 2

P53

Question 3

Opens the door to unregulated cell proliferation

Answer 3

loss of P53

Question 4

Most prevalent tumor suppressor gene

Answer 4

P53

Question 5

Encode proteins that promote cell division

Answer 5

Proto-oncogenes

Question 6

When do Proto-oncogenes exhibit highest activity?

Answer 6

embryonic development

childhood growth

Question 7

Shut off when no longer needed

Answer 7

proto-oncogenes

Question 8

What happens when proto-oncogene mutations cause reactivation?

Answer 8

creation of oncogenes

Question 9

Allows unregulated production of growth factors

Answer 9

oncogenes

Question 10

gain of function mutation

Answer 10

unchecked growth: proto-oncogene to oncogene

Question 11

loss of function mutation

Answer 11

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 12

Mutation in both alleles causing loss of functional protein

Answer 12

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 13

cell cycle suppressors

Answer 13

Rb, p53, p21

Question 14

carcinoma origin

Answer 14

epithelial

Question 15

tumor that arises from squamous cells

Answer 15

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

arises from glandular epithelial cells

Answer 16

adenocarcinoma

Question 17

Arises from neuroendocrine cells

Answer 17

small cell carcinoma

Question 18

Originate from mesenchymal tissue

Answer 18

Sarcomas

cartilage, smooth. muscle, skeletal muscle, blood vessels

Question 19

Origin of leukemia and lymphoma

Answer 19

Hematopoietic

Question 20

Origin from skin melanocytes

Answer 20

Melanoma

Question 21

Originate from germ cells

Answer 21

teratomas

Question 22

Abnormal appearing cells that can transition to malignancy

Answer 22

dysplasia

Question 23

abnormal cells that remain in basement membrane/ noninvasive

Answer 23

carcinoma in situ

Question 24

Poorly defined margins, invasive

Answer 24

Malignant

Question 25

Called liquid tumors/proliferate in bone marrow

Answer 25

Cancer of blood cells

Question 26

Inherited mutations that promote cancer involve ____

Answer 26

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 27

Can inherited cancer develop with one allele?

Answer 27

NO! Second allele must be present

Question 28

What may guide chemotherapy choice?

Answer 28

tumor cell genes

Question 29

BRCA 1 & 2

Answer 29

tumor suppressor genes | mutation leads to higher risk of developing BRCA

Question 30

evades growth suppressors

Answer 30

cell cycle inhibitors (p53 and pRb)

Question 31

Oncogenes (mutations) involved in uncontrolled proliferative signaling

Answer 31

Ras and Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)

Question 32

cellular aging

Answer 32

senescence

Question 33

An enzyme that maintains chromosome length allowing them to live (avoid senescence)

Answer 33

telomerase

Question 34

Disregarding of apoptotic signals

Answer 34

resisting cell death

Question 35

Production of vascular endothelial growth factor

Answer 35

angiogenesis promotion

Question 36

helps develop vasculature of cancer cells

Answer 36

increased vascular endothelial growth factor

Question 37

results in leaky blood supply

Answer 37

angiogenesis promotion of cancer cells