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Neoplasia/blood and clotting > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor suppressor gene: Halts cell cycle when DNA is damaged or cell is inured

A

P53

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2
Q

inhibits the expression of p21

A

P53

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3
Q

Opens the door to unregulated cell proliferation

A

loss of P53

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4
Q

Most prevalent tumor suppressor gene

A

P53

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5
Q

Encode proteins that promote cell division

A

Proto-oncogenes

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6
Q

When do Proto-oncogenes exhibit highest activity?

A

embryonic development

childhood growth

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7
Q

Shut off when no longer needed

A

proto-oncogenes

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8
Q

What happens when proto-oncogene mutations cause reactivation?

A

creation of oncogenes

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9
Q

Allows unregulated production of growth factors

A

oncogenes

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10
Q

gain of function mutation

A

unchecked growth: proto-oncogene to oncogene

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11
Q

loss of function mutation

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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12
Q

Mutation in both alleles causing loss of functional protein

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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13
Q

cell cycle suppressors

A

Rb, p53, p21

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14
Q

carcinoma origin

A

epithelial

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15
Q

tumor that arises from squamous cells

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

arises from glandular epithelial cells

A

adenocarcinoma

17
Q

Arises from neuroendocrine cells

A

small cell carcinoma

18
Q

Originate from mesenchymal tissue

A

Sarcomas

cartilage, smooth. muscle, skeletal muscle, blood vessels

19
Q

Origin of leukemia and lymphoma

A

Hematopoietic

20
Q

Origin from skin melanocytes

A

Melanoma

21
Q

Originate from germ cells

A

teratomas

22
Q

Abnormal appearing cells that can transition to malignancy

A

dysplasia

23
Q

abnormal cells that remain in basement membrane/ noninvasive

A

carcinoma in situ

24
Q

Poorly defined margins, invasive

A

Malignant

25
Q

Called liquid tumors/proliferate in bone marrow

A

Cancer of blood cells

26
Q

Inherited mutations that promote cancer involve ____

A

Tumor suppressor genes

27
Q

Can inherited cancer develop with one allele?

A

NO! Second allele must be present

28
Q

What may guide chemotherapy choice?

A

tumor cell genes

29
Q

BRCA 1 & 2

A

tumor suppressor genes

mutation leads to higher risk of developing BRCA

30
Q

evades growth suppressors

A

cell cycle inhibitors (p53 and pRb)

31
Q

Oncogenes (mutations) involved in uncontrolled proliferative signaling

A

Ras and Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)

32
Q

cellular aging

A

senescence

33
Q

An enzyme that maintains chromosome length allowing them to live (avoid senescence)

A

telomerase

34
Q

Disregarding of apoptotic signals

A

resisting cell death

35
Q

Production of vascular endothelial growth factor

A

angiogenesis promotion

36
Q

helps develop vasculature of cancer cells

A

increased vascular endothelial growth factor

37
Q

results in leaky blood supply

A

angiogenesis promotion of cancer cells

Neoplasia/blood and clotting (5 decks)

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