Canada

Question 1

Canada in early 19th century to british

Answer 1

Cost £2.6 million

The population of 3.3 million

only 3% of British exports, less than jamaica

100 000 indigenous people

around 20 000 immigrants annually

Question 2

Key terms

Answer 2

Family Compact:
Upper Canada, a small group of men who controlled the executive council

Chateau Clique:
Lower Canada, wealthy families controlled economic and political power

Patriote:
Opposed chateau clique. support reforms in lower Canada

Orange Order:
Committed Protestants from Northern Ireland or Scotland who opposed Catholicism

Question 3

Political system

Answer 3

Governor:
appointed by Britain

Executive council and Legislative council:
Appointed by governor

Legislative assembly:
elected by the people every 4 years

Question 4

Relationship with US

Answer 4

Howick Act 1831:

transferred revenue from duties to control of the state assemblies.

Question 5

Long term causes of revolution in Upper Canada

Answer 5

Political:
Underrepresentation
Family compact domination of the executive council
growing opposition from reformers
radical political ideas spreading

Social and economic:
Anglican church had influence. 1/7 of land designated as clergy reserves. 9000 hectares of land
pop increasing rapidly

Question 6

Short term causes for upper Canada revolution

Answer 6

Radicalism:
Mackenzie, argued for reforms

Immigration:
Ops township scheme

Head and Colbourne:
forced moderates out of office.
Camained against reformers

1836 election:
Committee of Correspondence established by Mackenzie

Question 7

Great Reform Act 1832

Answer 7

Made voting sytem fairer and gave the vote to many new voters

Political reform, better representation

Question 8

Short term causes for Lower canada revolution

Answer 8

Patriotes:
Papineau, wanted french-speaking language to stay and nationalism. uncompromising
92 resolutions demanding constitutional change
stalemate over payment of officials salaries.

Immigration and eco:
More radical ideas brought by immigrants from Europe and US
Papineau won more support from lower class

Gosford commission 1835:
enquiry into grievances
Head revealed no plans to change anything
Russell Resoltuion 1837 rejected reform and the points in the 92 resolutions

Question 9

Durham

Answer 9

Whig- more liberal views

Pardoned majority of rebels. Caused controversy in Britain as only Queen could do this.
Bill of Indemnity by Brougham outlined Durham’s actions, so Durham had to resign

Sig of Report 1839:
Unified upper and lower canada, diluted french majority
Freedoms granted to french under Quebec Act
Responsible self government for new province where the legislative assembly was elected, not controlled my monarch

Question 10

Success of Durham report

Answer 10

Appointed first Canadian police force

Greater rights to political prisoners

Worked with US to prevent American radicals crossing the border

But only spent 11 days in upper canada