Camelids Flashcards
What distinctive shape can Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis form on cytology?
Chinese letters
Name four differential diagnoses for dermatophilosis
Bacterial folliculitis
Dermatophytosis
Demodicosis
Zinc-responsive dermatitis
Deep pyoderma in pododermatitis is associated with Staphylococci spp. and which other bacteria?
Trueperella spp.
Fusobacterium spp.
What is the most common mite infestation in alpacas?
Chorioptic mange - C. bovis
How pruritic is chorioptic mange?
Pruritus is usually mild to absent.
Which mite more commonly causes lesions on the face, head and pinnae?
Psoroptes (bovis)
How pruritic is psoroptic mange?
Pruritus is usually moderate to severe
Which lice affect camelids?
Bovicola breviceps
Microthoracius mazzi/camelli
Contagious viral pustular dermatosis
a) is caused by which virus?
b) can spontaneously resolve in how many weeks?
a) parapoxvirus ovis
b) two to three weeks
Which body sites are typically affected by insect bite hypersensitivity?
Pinnae, periocular skin and bridge of the nose, axillae, groin, ventral midline and distal legs
In anagen defluxion/effluvium, how quickly after the stressful event does hair fall out?
7-10 days
What is the reported UK prevalence of dermatophytosis in alpacas?
3%
Describe the main cutaneous lesions of Zn-responsive dermatitis in alpacas
Scales, papules, plaques, tightly-adherent crusts
Mostly sparsely haired areas (axillae, groin, abdomen, medial thighs, medial forelegs)
Bridge of nose, muzzle, periocular, pinnae
Alpacas of which signalment are thought to be more prone to Zn-responsive dermatitis?
Young males (1-2 years)
Animals with dark fleeces (they contain more Zn and Cu and have higher nutritional requirements)
Breeding females when the mineral concentration is marginal
What has reportedly been associated with vasculitis in llamas and alpacas?
Llama - drug eruption due to oxytetracycline
Alpaca - tooth root abscess (caused pinnal vasculitis)
Both - idiopathic
Which treatments have reportedly been effective at treating sarcoptic mange in camelids?
- Topical amitraz and subcutaneous eprinomectin (took 8 weeks)
- 2% subcutaneous moxidectin (took 7 weeks in Deak et al. (2021) and 6 months in Beck (2020))
Which route should ivermectin be given to camelids?
S/C - oral and topical routes have lower rates of absorption
Why are topical ectoparasiticides not as effective in camelids as in ruminants?
Reduced absorption - Llama hair/fibre does
not contain lanolin
Apart from skin lesions, Dermatophilus congolensis has been found to cause what disease in an alpaca?
Bronchopneumonia
What are the clinical signs of cowpox virus infection in camelids?
- Mild form: limited to head, neck, extremities or perineal region and characterised by pustules or crusts.
- Generalised form: frequently lethal disease with multifocal to diffuse skin lesions (papules, pustules, crusts, ulcers) accompanied by virus replication in other organs. May be associated with immunosuppression.
How susceptible are camelids to apthovirus (foot and mouth disease)?
Relatively resistant, disease is rare in camelids
