Camelids

Question 1

What distinctive shape can Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis form on cytology?

Answer 1

Chinese letters

Question 2

Name four differential diagnoses for dermatophilosis

Answer 2

Bacterial folliculitis
Dermatophytosis
Demodicosis
Zinc-responsive dermatitis

Question 3

Deep pyoderma in pododermatitis is associated with Staphylococci spp. and which other bacteria?

Answer 3

Trueperella spp.

Fusobacterium spp.

Question 4

What is the most common mite infestation in alpacas?

Answer 4

Chorioptic mange - C. bovis

Question 5

How pruritic is chorioptic mange?

Answer 5

Pruritus is usually mild to absent.

Question 6

Which mite more commonly causes lesions on the face, head and pinnae?

Answer 6

Psoroptes (bovis)

Question 7

How pruritic is psoroptic mange?

Answer 7

Pruritus is usually moderate to severe

Question 8

Which lice affect camelids?

Answer 8

Bovicola breviceps

Microthoracius mazzi/camelli

Question 9

Contagious viral pustular dermatosis

a) is caused by which virus?
b) can spontaneously resolve in how many weeks?

Answer 9

a) parapoxvirus ovis

b) two to three weeks

Question 10

Which body sites are typically affected by insect bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 10

Pinnae, periocular skin and bridge of the nose, axillae, groin, ventral midline and distal legs

Question 11

In anagen defluxion/effluvium, how quickly after the stressful event does hair fall out?

Answer 11

7-10 days

Question 12

What is the reported UK prevalence of dermatophytosis in alpacas?

Answer 12

3%

Question 13

Describe the main cutaneous lesions of Zn-responsive dermatitis in alpacas

Answer 13

Scales, papules, plaques, tightly-adherent crusts
Mostly sparsely haired areas (axillae, groin, abdomen, medial thighs, medial forelegs)
Bridge of nose, muzzle, periocular, pinnae

Question 14

Alpacas of which signalment are thought to be more prone to Zn-responsive dermatitis?

Answer 14

Young males (1-2 years)
Animals with dark fleeces (they contain more Zn and Cu and have higher nutritional requirements)
Breeding females when the mineral concentration is marginal

Question 15

What has reportedly been associated with vasculitis in llamas and alpacas?

Answer 15

Llama - drug eruption due to oxytetracycline
Alpaca - tooth root abscess (caused pinnal vasculitis)
Both - idiopathic

Question 16

Which treatments have reportedly been effective at treating sarcoptic mange in camelids?

Answer 16

• Topical amitraz and subcutaneous eprinomectin (took 8 weeks)
• 2% subcutaneous moxidectin (took 7 weeks in Deak et al. (2021) and 6 months in Beck (2020))

Question 17

Which route should ivermectin be given to camelids?

Answer 17

S/C - oral and topical routes have lower rates of absorption

Question 18

Why are topical ectoparasiticides not as effective in camelids as in ruminants?

Answer 18

Reduced absorption - Llama hair/fibre does

not contain lanolin

Question 19

Apart from skin lesions, Dermatophilus congolensis has been found to cause what disease in an alpaca?

Answer 19

Bronchopneumonia

Question 20

What are the clinical signs of cowpox virus infection in camelids?

Answer 20

1. Mild form: limited to head, neck, extremities or perineal region and characterised by pustules or crusts.
2. Generalised form: frequently lethal disease with multifocal to diffuse skin lesions (papules, pustules, crusts, ulcers) accompanied by virus replication in other organs. May be associated with immunosuppression.

Question 21

How susceptible are camelids to apthovirus (foot and mouth disease)?

Answer 21

Relatively resistant, disease is rare in camelids