Calculus

Question 1

WTF is Calculus?

Answer 1

a. Plaque that has been mineralized by calcium and phosphate salts from saliva
i. 70-90% inorganic

Question 2

b. Major role in inflammatory perio disease. Why?

Answer 2

i. Because it is always covered by plaque
ii. If calculus is against the tissue, it is hold plaque against the tissue 🡪 inflammation
1. Calculus itself is not a mechanical irritant

Question 3

c. Cementum is _____ inorganic content, calculus is _____ than cementum

Answer 3

c. Cementum is 50% inorganic content, calculus is harder than cementum

Question 4

d. Supragingival Calculus

Answer 4

derives minerals from saliva

Question 5

d. Supragingival Calculus – derives minerals from saliva

Answer 5

i. More common on lower anteriors (salivary gland) and buccal of max molars (parotid duct)
ii. Yellow or whitish yellow

Question 6

e. Subgingival Calculus – derives minerals from

Answer 6

from inflammatory exudate and GCF

Question 7

e. Subgingival Calculus – derives minerals from inflammatory exudate and GCF

Answer 7

i. Dense, dark brown, greenish black

Question 8

Sub G calculus is more or less minerilaized super G?q

Answer 8

More

Question 9

7. Difference between supra/subgingival calculus

Answer 9

a. SUPRAgingival calculus
i. Gram(+) cocci and short rods
ii. Aerobic environment
iii. Usually white or whitish yellow (could be stained by tobacco)
iv. Derives minerals from saliva
v. Hard, cake-like consistency
vi. More common on lower anteriors (salivary gland) and buccal of maxillary molars (parotid duct)
vii. It can be found anywhere!
viii. ~30% mineralized

Question 10

b. SUBgingival calculus

Answer 10

i. Gram(-) rods and spirochetes - Great diversity
ii. Anaerobic environment
iii. Tooth attached plaque
iv. Unattached plaque
v. Epithelial associated plaque – able to invade and cause tissue destruction
vi. Must use explorer and radiographs for detection
1. Just because you don’t see radiographically, don’t think there isn’t any
vii. Derives minerals from inflammatory exudate and GCF
viii. Usually dense, dark brown or greenish black due to blood components and/or bacterial degradation
ix. Can be very tenacious and firmly attached to tooth, flint like consistency
x. ~60% mineralized (don’t need to know these numbers, just know which is more)
xi. This used to be subgingival calculus, looks supragingival but picture that tissue being highly inflamed and being up and over that subgingival
xii. MUST SCALE WHOLE ROOT SURFACE

Question 11

vii. Derives minerals from inflammatory exudate and GCF

Answer 11

Sub G.

Question 12

i. Gram(-) rods and spirochetes - Great diversity

Answer 12

Sub G

Question 13

ii. Anaerobic environment
iii. Tooth attached plaque
iv. Unattached plaque
v. Epithelial associated plaque – able to invade and cause tissue destruction
vi. Must use explorer and radiographs for detection
1. Just because you don’t see radiographically, don’t think there isn’

Answer 13

Sub G

Question 14

viii. Usually dense, dark brown or greenish black due to blood components and/or bacterial degradation
ix. Can be very tenacious and firmly attached to tooth, flint like consistency
x. ~60% mineralized (don’t need to know these numbers, just know which is more)
xi. This used to be subgingival calculus, looks supragingival but picture that tissue being highly inflamed and being up and over that subgingival
xii. MUST SCALE WHOLE ROOT SURFACE

Answer 14

SUB G