Active ingrediants

Question 1

● Lowest percent an ingredient must be in toothpaste to be considered therapeutic?

Answer 1

5%

Question 2

● ANTI-CARIES

Answer 2

o Fluoride: most common therapeutic agent
o Most OTC toothpastes are at least 1000 ppm

Question 3

● ANTI-HYPERSENSITIVITY

Answer 3

o Potassium Nitrate: penetrates through the length of dentinal tubules and depolarizes sensory nerve endings 🡪 interference with neural transmission
▪ Know difference compared to anti-sensitivity effect of stannous fluoride
● VARNISH= 5% sodium fluoride varnish
o Brush over teeth, forms a barrier over exposed dentin 🡪 tubule occlusion
o Relief provided by calcium fluoride deposits
o Strontium Chloride: blocking of exposed dentinal tubules
o Sodium Citrate: blocking of exposed dentinal tubules
o ADA seal for anti-hypersensitivity effects

Question 4

● ANTI-GINGIVITIS

Answer 4

o Stannous fluoride: crest Pro-Health
o Triclosan (Colgate Total)
▪ Banned by FDA for side effects

Question 5

Flouride:

Answer 5

● Systemic = ingest and incorporate into enamel during development
o Fluorosis: Due to excess systemic fluoride while teeth are developing
▪ NOT caused by topical fluoride!!!

Question 6

● Topically

Answer 6

promoting re-mineralization and preventing demineralization after eruption
o ** when a tooth is de-mineralized then re-mineralized, it is actually stronger than and more caries resistant than sound enamel is **

Question 7

● Most desirable form of fluoride in enamel

Answer 7

fluorhydroxyapatite

Question 8

● Water Fluoridation Optimal Levels:

Answer 8

0.7ppm in water

Question 9

● Probable Toxic Dose (PTD) be 5 mg F/kg body weight

Answer 9

o Less than 5mg/kg: use an office source of available calcium, aluminum, or magnesium
o Over 5 mg/kg: same as above and hospital observation
o 15mg/kg: same as above plus 911

Question 10

● Fluoride Varnish

Answer 10

• 5% sodium fluoride (22,600 ppm

Question 11

● Silver Diamine Fluoride

Answer 11

o Reacts with dentin protein to produce a layer of silver protein that is resistant to bacterial acids
o Promotes formation of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite
o Silver acts as an antimicrobial
o Fluoride promotes remineralization
o Ammonia stabilizes the concentration
o The treated surfaces are less susceptible to biofilm formation

Question 12

● Fluoridated Dentifrice

Answer 12

o About 1,000 ppm (***know this)
o Use of NaF (sodium fluoride) with a compatible abrasive is the most effective dentifrice system for caries prevention

Question 13

● Prescription Fluoridated dentifrice

Answer 13

o 1.1% NaF w/ 5,000 ppm