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Pharmacodynamics > Calcium Channel Blockers > Flashcards

Calcium Channel Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

What are calcium channels?

A

They are membrane spanning proteins which regulate intracellular concentration of Ca2+.

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2
Q

Why are L - type long lasting calcium channels important?

A

They manage the electrical signalling of cells by allowing the selective diffusion of calcium ions -> in response to changes in cellular membrane potential.

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3
Q

What are the 3 functions of L - type long lasting calcium channels?

A

Responsible for excitation and contraction coupling in skeletal // smooth // cardiac muscle.
Cardiac conduction tissue. (Sino - Atrial and Atrio - Ventricular Node.)
Production of aldosterone. ( Fluid retention -> elevation of BP.)

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4
Q

What are the therapeutic effects for calcium channel blockers?

A

Hypertension = Reduces blood pressure.
Angina
Arrythmia (Abnormal Heart Rhythms)
Vascular Spasm -> Raynaud’s Syndrome.

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5
Q

What is the effect of calcium channel blockers in vascular smooth muscle?

A

Inhibits calcium channels and thus, Ca2+ entry.

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6
Q

What are dihydropyridines and what is their purpose?

A

They are a type of calcium channel blocker and they reduce vascular resistance. They are known to reduce arterial pressure too.
They are known to be vasodilators.

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7
Q

Name some examples of calcium channel blockers for vascular smooth muscle.

A

Nifedipine - A

Amlodipine

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8
Q

What are some side effects of calcium channel blockers for vascular smooth muscle?

A

Vasodilation
Flushing
Headaches

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9
Q

What is the effect of calcium channel blockers in myocardium?

A

Inhibits calcium channels and Ca2+ entry.

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10
Q

What are non - dihydropyridines and what is their purpose?

A

They vasodilator too - However, have additional effects on the heart which can control a RAPID heart rate.

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11
Q

Name some examples of calcium channel blockers for myocardium.

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

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12
Q

What are some side effects of calcium channel blockers for the myocardium?

A

Depressed Contractility

Negative Chronotrophy

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13
Q

What is Angina?

A

This is chest pain caused by REDUCED blood flow to the heart due to atherosclerosis.

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14
Q

What is angina a symptom of?

A

It is a symptom of coronary artery disease.

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15
Q

What is the name given for a spasm in a coronary artery and thus, temporarily narrows?

A

Prinzmetal’s Angina.

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16
Q

Why does myocardial ischaemia occur?

A

Occurs when blood flow to heart muscle is OBSTRUCTED by a partial // complete blockage of the coronary artery.

17
Q

How is coronary artery spasm relieved?

A

Reduction in metabolic requirements of myocardium.

Restoration of normal blood supply.

18
Q

What are the symptoms of arrhythmia?

A

Palpitation
Breathlessness
Inadequate cardiac function
Circulatory Failure

19
Q

What calcium channel blocker has the GREATEST vascular selectivity?

A

Lercanidipine.

Pharmacodynamics (21 decks)

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